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	<title>Science &#38; Consciousness Review</title>
	<link>http://sciconrev.org</link>
	<description>News from the Scientific Study of Consciousness</description>
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		<title>Trends in Cognitive Sciences: Table of Contents June 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The June issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences is available online.
Volume 15, Issue 6, pp. 241-288
Letters
Letters Response
Book Review
Opinion
Review
____________________________________________________________________


Letters
Frontal pole function: what is specifically human? p241 
Etienne Koechlin
Full Text &#124; PDF (82 kb)
Frontopolar cortex: constraints for theorizing p242
Paul W. Burgess
Full Text &#124; PDF (64 kb)
Letters Response
Appreciating the differences: response to Burgess p243
Satoshi Tsujimoto, Aldo Genovesio
Full Text &#124; PDF (66 kb)
Book [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/06/trends-in-cognitive-sciences-table-of-contents-june-2011/</link>
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		<title>Consciousness and Cognition: Table of Contents June 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The June issue of Consciousness and Cognition is available online.
Volume 20, Issue 2, pp.173-488
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REGULAR ARTICLES





What you cannot see can help you: The effect of exposure to unreportable stimuli on approach behavior
Pages 173-180
Joel Weinberger, Paul Siegel, Caleb Siefert, Julie Drwal
 Show preview &#124;   Related articles &#124;  Related reference work articles









Very brief exposure II: The effects of unreportable stimuli on [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/06/consciousness-and-cognition-table-of-contents-june-2011/</link>
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		<title>Short Video: Before and After Deep Brain Stimulation</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Although there is still a lot to be learned about deep brain stimulation (DBS), the potential use of DBS seems like it could be promising. Click here to watch a video of a Tourette syndrome patient before and after his DBS operation. After the stimulation is turned on, it appears as if the patient’s Tourette [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/05/short-video-before-and-after-deep-brain-stimulation/</link>
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		<title>A Conversation on the Neuroethics of Deep Brain Stimulation</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In this webcast provided by the Dana Foundation,  Drs. Philip Campbell, Joseph Fins, Jonathan Moreno and Helen Mayberg discussed the ethical considerations of using deep brain stimulation. The topics covered in this interesting discussion included surgical experimentation, consciousness, depression, technology and public policy. Dr. Judy Illes served as the moderator.
Click here for the webcast.
Click [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/05/a-conversation-on-the-neuroethics-of-deep-brain-stimulation/</link>
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		<title>Trends in Cognitive Sciences: Table of Contents May 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The May issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences is available online.
Volume 15, Issue 5, pp. 185-240
Letters
Letters Response
Opinion
Review
Feature Review
____________________________________________________________

Letters















A minimalist approach to comparative psychology
Pages 185-186
Charlotte K. Hemelrijk, Johan J. Bolhuis
 Show preview &#124;   Related articles &#124;  Related reference work articles









Self and brain: what is self-related processing?
Pages 186-187
Georg Northoff
 Show preview &#124;   Related articles &#124;  Related reference work articles




Letters Response















Clarifying the self: [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/05/trends-in-cognitive-sciences-table-of-contents-may-2011/</link>
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		<title>Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting: 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[41st Annual Meeting
Nov. 12-16, 2011, in Washington, DC.
Click here for the conference website
____________________________________________________________________________________________
The Society for Neuroscience annual meeting is the premier venue for neuroscientists from around the world to debut cutting-edge research.
Since 1971, the meeting has offered attendees the opportunity to learn about the latest breakthroughs and network with colleagues at top destinations throughout North America. Read [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/04/society-for-neuroscience-annual-meeting-2011/</link>
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		<title>Toward a Science of Consciousness 2011: Final Announcement</title>
		<description><![CDATA[ Toward a Science of Consciousness
Brain, Mind and Reality
Stockholm, Sweden, May 3-7, 2011
Sponsored by the Center for Consciousness Studies
The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
and Perfjell Foundation
www.consciousness.arizona.edu


The nature of consciousness is the most interesting and important question we face. Consciousness is awareness, subjective experience of internal and external worlds, of understanding, feeling, meaning, sense of self [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/04/toward-a-science-of-consciousness-2011-final-announcement/</link>
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		<title>Addiction and Brain Circuits</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From Brain Briefings:
Humans have always struggled with addictions to mind-altering substances. Yet, only in the past few decades have neuroscientists begun to understand precisely how these substances affect the brain — and why they can quickly become a destructive and even deadly habit. 
For a long time, society viewed addiction as a moral failing. The addict [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/04/addiction-and-brain-circuits/</link>
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		<title>Scientists find way to map brain&#8217;s complexity</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From Reuters:
Scientists say they have moved a step closer to developing a computer model of the brain after finding a way to map both the connections and functions of nerve cells in the brain together for the first time.
In a study in the journal Nature on Sunday, researchers from Britain&#8217;s University College London (UCL) described [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/04/scientists-find-way-to-map-brains-complexity/</link>
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		<title>Language and the Brain: What Makes Us Human</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From Brain Briefings:
No other species on the planet uses language or writing — a mystery that remains unsolved even after thousands of years of research. Now neuroscientists are taking advantage of powerful new ways to peer into the brain to provide remarkable insights into this unique human ability.
Do you trip over your words, struggle to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/04/language-and-the-brain-what-makes-us-human/</link>
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		<title>Mind vs. Machine</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By Brian Christian of Atlantic Magazine:
In the race to build computers that can think like humans, the proving ground is the Turing Test—an annual battle between the world’s most advanced artificial-intelligence programs and ordinary people. The objective? To find out whether a computer can act “more human” than a person. In his own quest to beat [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/04/mind-vs-machine/</link>
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		<title>Using light to probe the brain&#8217;s self-repair after a stroke</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Anne McIlroy of The Globe and Mail has written a nice article on how researchers are using optogenetics to study how the brain repairs itself after a stroke.
Click here to read the article.
Click here for videos on optogenetics.
]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/04/using-light-to-probe-the-brains-self-repair-after-a-stroke/</link>
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		<title>Trends in Cognitive Sciences: Table of Contents April 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The April issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences is available online.
Volume 15, Issue 4, pp. 141-184
Update &#8211; Forum: Science &#38; Society
Opinion
Review
_____________________________________________________________________________

Update
FORUM: Science &#38; Society







2







The mind on stage: why cognitive scientists should study acting
Pages 141-142
Thalia R. Goldstein, Paul Bloom

 Show preview &#124;    Related articles &#124;  Related reference work articles










Opinion







3







Posterior cingulate cortex: adapting behavior to a changing [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/04/trends-in-cognitive-sciences-table-of-contents-april-2011/</link>
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		<title>Being rejected a real pain, brain images show</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From CBC News:
The pain of rejection is more than just a figure of speech: regions of the brain that respond to physical pain overlap with those that react to social rejection, a brain imaging study shows.
The study used brain imaging on people involved in romantic breakups.
&#8220;These results give new meaning to the idea that rejection &#8216;hurts,&#8221;&#8216; [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/03/being-rejected-a-real-pain-brain-images-show/</link>
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		<title>Experimental Philosophy and the Problem of Free Will</title>
		<description><![CDATA[S. Nichols
Article in Science
Abstract
Many philosophical problems are rooted in everyday thought, and experimental philosophy uses social scientific techniques to study the psychological underpinnings of such problems. In the case of free will, research suggests that people in a diverse range of cultures reject determinism, but people give conflicting responses on whether determinism would undermine moral [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/03/experimental-philosophy-and-the-problem-of-free-will/</link>
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		<title>&#8220;I Am My Connectome&#8221;: TED Talk given by Sebastian Seung</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In this TED talk Sebastian Seung, Professor of Computational Neuroscience in the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the Department of Physics at MIT, discusses the “connectome” – the connections formed between neurons – and its possible role in consciousness. Dr. Seung highlights neuroscientists’ belief that neural activity is the physical basis of thoughts, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/03/i-am-my-connectome-ted-talk-given-by-sebastian-seung/</link>
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		<title>BBC4&#8242;s &#8220;In Our Time&#8221;: Discussion on Free Will</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In a BBC broadcast,  Melvyn Bragg and his guests Simon Blackburn, Helen Beebee, and Galen Strawson discuss the philosophical idea of free will.
From the broadcast description:
&#8220;Free will &#8211; the extent to which we are free to choose our own actions &#8211; is one of the most absorbing philosophical problems, debated by almost every great thinker of the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/03/bbc4s-in-our-time-discussion-on-free-will/</link>
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		<title>Consciousness and Cognition: Table of Contents March 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
The March issue of Consciousness and Cognition is available online.
Volume 20, Issue 1, pp.1-172
Special issue: Brain and Self: Bridging the Gap
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Introduction









3







Brain and   Self: Bridging the Gap
Pages 2-3
Todd E. Feinberg
 Show   preview &#124;   PDF (111 K) &#124;   Related articles &#124;  Related reference work articles



Special issue articles







4







The nested   neural hierarchy and the self [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/03/consciousness-and-cognition-table-of-contents-march-2011/</link>
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		<title>Can Someone in a Vegetative State Communicate Thoughts?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In this short video (about 4 mins) from the New York Times, David Corcoran discusses evidence from an fMRI study that suggests that people in a vegetative state can communicate thoughts.
]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/03/can-someone-in-a-vegetative-state-communicate-thoughts/</link>
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		<title>Can You Beat a Computer at Paper-Scissors-Rock?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[To see if you can outwit a computer at Paper-Scissors-Rock, check out this interactive feature in the New York Times. The feature demonstrates basic artificial intelligence, and allows you to play against the computer at two different levels: novice, where the computer learns from scratch; and veteran, where the computer uses over 200,000 rounds of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/03/can-you-beat-a-computer-at-paper-scissors-rock/</link>
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		<title>Trends in Cognitive Sciences: Table of Contents March 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The March issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences is available online.
Volume 15, Issue 3, pp. 95-140
Book Review
Opinion
Review
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Book Review
How does the brain make economic decisions? p95 
Antonio Rangel
Full Text &#124; PDF (89 kb)
Opinion
What drives the organization of object knowledge in the brain? p97
Bradford Z. Mahon, Alfonso Caramazza
Abstract &#124; Full Text &#124; PDF (417 kb)
Specifying the self for cognitive neuroscience [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/03/trends-in-cognitive-sciences-table-of-contents-march-2011/</link>
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		<title>Interactive Video: Progression of Alzheimer’s in the Brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Click here for an interactive video showing the progression of Alzheimer’s in the brain from the Globe and Mail.
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;
 
&#8212;&#8212;-
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;
]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/03/interactive-video-progression-of-alzheimer%e2%80%99s-in-the-brain/</link>
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		<title>Human Brain Mapping Conference 2011: Announcement</title>
		<description><![CDATA[17th Annual Meeting
Quebec City, Canada, June 26-30, 2011
Click here for the conference website.



The Annual Meeting will have an extensive program of local and international speakers, covering a wide range of topics and issues, and specifically address the field of human functional neuroimaging and its movement into the scientific mainstream. The focus will be to gather [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/03/human-brain-mapping-conference-2011-announcement/</link>
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		<title>A short video on the brain and concussions</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Click here for a short clip on concussions and the brain provided by CBC.
]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/03/a-short-video-on-the-brain-and-concussions-2/</link>
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		<title>Artificial intelligence pioneer aims to make computers learn like brains</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From the Globe and Mail:
Geoffrey Hinton, a pioneer in artificial intelligence, was awarded the country’s top science prize last week, the prestigious Gerhard Herzberg Canada Gold Medal. The prize by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council comes with a guarantee of $1-million in funding over five years. The University of Toronto researcher spoke with [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/02/artificial-intelligence-pioneer-aims-to-make-computers-learn-like-brains/</link>
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		<title>Cognitive Electrophysiology: Signals of the Mind</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A Tribute to Steven A. Hillyard
A Satellite Symposium of the Cognitive Neuroscience Science Meeting
Saturday, April 2, 2011, Ballroom A, Hyatt Regency San Francisco
________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Schedule of Events



8:15 am
Welcome and   Overview
Ron Mangun, University of California,   Davis


8:30 &#8211; 10:00 am
Session 1:   Attention in Sensation and Perception
Chair: Ron Mangun, UC Davis



Speaker 1: David Woods, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/02/cognitive-electrophysiology-signals-of-the-mind/</link>
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		<title>Meditation alters your grey matter, studies show</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From the Globe and Mail:
Move over cryptic crosswords and Sudoku, and make way for the ultimate mental workout. It’s called Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, or MBSR for short. Recent neuroscience research shows that novices using the method – developed at the University of Massachusetts Medical School in the 1970s – can get results in just eight [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/02/meditation-alters-your-grey-matter-studies-show/</link>
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		<title>Scientists look to new imaging techniques to measure metals in the brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From the Globe and Mail:
We are metal heads. Our brains need iron, copper, manganese and zinc to function, yet there is growing evidence that these metals may play a role in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease multiple sclerosis and other illnesses.
Canadian scientists are developing new imaging techniques to accurately map and measure metals in the brain, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/02/scientists-look-to-new-imaging-techniques-to-measure-metals-in-the-brain/</link>
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		<title>Trends in Cognitive Sciences: Table of Contents February 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
The February issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences is available online
Volume 15, Issue 2, pp. 47-94
Review
 
________________________________________________________________________
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Review

Sounds and scents in (social) action p47
Salvatore M. Aglioti, Mariella Pazzaglia
Abstract &#124; Full Text &#124; PDF (1227 kb)



Value, pleasure and choice in the ventral prefrontal cortex p56
Fabian Grabenhorst, Edmund T. Rolls
Abstract &#124; Full Text &#124; PDF (819 kb) &#124; Supplemental Data



Cognitive [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/02/trends-in-cognitive-sciences-table-of-contents-february-2011/</link>
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		<title>Former CFL players&#8217; brains used to study link between concussions and disease</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From the Globe and Mail:
Concussion stories from Bobby Kuntz’s days with the Toronto Argonauts and the Hamilton Tiger-Cats made for family football folklore until a decade ago when they suddenly seemed bittersweet.
Mr. Kuntz, who suffered as many as 20 concussions playing football in the 1950s and 60s, developed a tremor and started to forget things. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/02/former-cfl-players-brains-used-to-study-link-between-concussions-and-disease/</link>
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		<title>How Brains Are Built: Principles of Computational Neuroscience</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From The Dana Foundation:
Editor’s note: The goal  of computational neuroscience is to understand the brain and its  mechanisms well enough to artificially simulate their functions. In some  areas, like hearing, vision, and prosthetics, there have been great  advances in the field. Yet there is still much about the brain that is [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/02/how-brains-are-built-principles-of-computational-neuroscience-2/</link>
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		<title>Emotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A. Etkinsend, T. Egner, R. Kalisch
Article in Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Abstract
Negative emotional stimuli activate a broad network of brain regions,  including the medial prefrontal (mPFC) and anterior cingulate (ACC)  cortices. An early influential view dichotomized these regions into  dorsal–caudal cognitive and ventral–rostral affective subdivisions. In  this review, we examine a wealth [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/02/emotional-processing-in-anterior-cingulate-and-medial-prefrontal-cortex/</link>
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		<title>The Brain Signature of Love</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From The Dana Foundation:
Study the literature  of the world and you will find one theme that transcends both time and  culture: that of love. Whether you are reading Shakespeare or Rumi, the  manner in which love is described shows remarkable similarity. Those  similarities go far beyond the page: Neuroscientists are now [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/02/the-brain-signature-of-love/</link>
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		<title>Brain Awareness Week is Coming</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From The Dana Foundation:
March 14-20, 2011 is Brain Awareness Week. Join the global campaign to increase public awareness of the progress and benefits of brain research. Become a partner and plan an event or find an event in your area at Dana.org
Brain Awareness Week (BAW) is the global campaign to increase public awareness about the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/02/brain-awareness-week-is-coming/</link>
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		<title>Toward a Science of Consciousness Conference 2011: Announcement</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Toward a Science of Consciousness
Brain, Mind and Reality
Stockholm, Sweden, May 3-7, 2011
Sponsored by the Center for Consciousness Studies
The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
and Mind Event, AB
www.consciousness.arizona.edu
Toward a Science of Consciousness (TSC) is an annual interdisciplinary conference on all aspects of the fundamental question of how the brain produces conscious experience, a question addressing who we [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/02/conference-toward-a-science-of-consciousness-brain-mind-and-reality/</link>
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		<title>Trends in Neuroscience: Table of Contents February 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The February issue of Trends in Neuroscience is available online
Volume 34, Issue 2, pp. 51-112
Opinion
Review
Feature Review
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Opinion

Tuning of synaptic responses: an organizing principle for optimization of neural circuits p51
Cian O’Donnell, Matthew F. Nolan
Abstract &#124; Full Text &#124; PDF (587 kb)


Review
Feature Review

Learning to move machines with the mind p61
Andrea M. Green, John F. Kalaska
Abstract &#124; Full Text [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/02/trends-in-neuroscience-journal-february-2011/</link>
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		<title>Brain Waves and Meditation</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From: ScienceDaily.com
Forget about crystals and candles, and about sitting and breathing in awkward ways. Meditation research explores how the brain works when we refrain from concentration, rumination and intentional thinking. Electrical brain waves suggest that mental activity during meditation is wakeful and relaxed.
&#8220;Given the popularity and effectiveness of meditation as a means of alleviating stress [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/02/brain-waves-and-meditation/</link>
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		<title>How Brain Activity is Linked to Sleep</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From: PsychCentral.com
Brain activity during times of wakefulness affects sleep and sleep quality. While researchers have been aware of this for some time, a clear understanding of how the mechanisms triggering sleep occur has remained largely unknown.
Now, a recent study has uncovered valuable insight into how the changeover from wakefulness to sleep occurs. This discovery potentially paves the way [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/01/how-brain-activity-is-linked-to-sleep/</link>
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		<title>Sizing Up Consciousness by Its Bits</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From: NYTimes.com
One day in 2007, Dr. Giulio Tononi lay on a hospital stretcher as an anesthesiologist prepared him for surgery. For Dr. Tononi, it was a moment of intellectual exhilaration. He is a distinguished chair in consciousness science at the University of Wisconsin, and for much of his life he has been developing a theory [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/01/sizing-up-consciousness-by-its-bits/</link>
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		<title>&#8220;Erasing&#8221; Traumatic Memories Moving from Science Fiction to Scientific Reality</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From: TheGlobeandMail.com
The brain has a remarkable capacity for keeping track of our past  experiences. But detailed memories can sometimes seem more a curse than a  blessing. This is especially true for those who’ve suffered significant  losses or other traumas. Thus, while the holiday season is meant to be a joyous time, for [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/01/erasing-traumatic-memories-moving-from-science-fiction-to-scientific-reality/</link>
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		<title>Trends in Neuroscience: Table of Contents January 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The January issue of Trends in Neuroscience is available online.
Volume 34, Issue 1, pp. 1-50
Opinion
Review
________________________________________________________
___________________________
____________________________________
______________
Opinion

Stuck in a rut: rethinking depression and its treatment p1
Paul E. Holtzheimer, Helen S. Mayberg
Abstract &#124; Full Text &#124; PDF (298 kb)



Activation of cortical interneurons during sleep: an anatomical link to homeostatic sleep regulation? p10
Thomas S. Kilduff, Bruno Cauli, Dmitry Gerashchenko
Abstract [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/01/trends-in-neuroscience-journal-january-2011/</link>
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		<title>Neuroscientist, VS Ramachandran: The neurons that Shaped Civilization</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Enjoy this short video:
From: Ted.com
Neuroscientist Vilayanur Ramachandran outlines the fascinating functions  of mirror neurons. Only recently discovered, these neurons allow us to  learn complex social behaviors, some of which formed the foundations of  human civilization as we know it.
Comments:
Hans Bauer

Jun 24 2010: Any  species of comparable level in evolution may attain [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/01/neuroscientist-vs-ramachandran-the-neurons-that-shaped-civilization/</link>
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		<title>Bobby McFerrin Hacks Your Brain with Music</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Enjoy this short, amusing video on the power of our human brain with regard to music.
From: Ted.com
Interesting comments:




Jeff Weir


Dec 4 2010: I  think beyond the &#8220;predictive&#8221; nature of the human brain, there lies the  simple physics of the harmonic series. Once Bobby McFerrin sings the  starting pitch, all of the other pitches [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/01/bobby-mcferrin-hacks-your-brain-with-music/</link>
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		<title>Consciousness and Cognition Journal: Table of Contents December 2010</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The December issue of Consciousness and Cognition is available  online:
Volume 19, Issue 4, December 2010
Table of Contents:
REGULAR ARTICLES
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Current concerns in involuntary and voluntary autobiographical memories Original Research Article
Pages 847-860
Kim Berg Johannessen, Dorthe Berntsen

 Show preview &#124;   Purchase PDF (235 K) &#124;   Related articles &#124;  Related reference work articles












3







Awareness of the saccade goal in oculomotor selection: [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/01/consciousness-and-cognition-journal-december-2010/</link>
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		<title>The Exploration of Meditation in the Neuroscience of Attention and Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A. Raffone and N. Srinivasan
Article in Cognitive Processing: International Quarterly of Cognitive Science
Abstract: Many recent behavioral and neuroscientific studies have revealed the importance of investigating meditation states and traits to achieve an increased understanding of cognitive and affective neuroplasticity, attention and self-awareness, as well as for their increasingly recognized clinical relevance. The investigation of states [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2011/01/the-exploration-of-meditation-in-the-neuroscience-of-attention-and-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>No Implants Needed: Movement-Generating Brain Waves Detected and Decoded Outside the Head</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From: ScientificAmerican.com
New research holds promise for a noninvasive brain-computer interface that allows mental control over computers and prosthetics.
Our bodies are wired to move, and damaged wiring is often impossible to repair. Strokes and spinal cord injuries can quickly disconnect parts of the brain that initiate movement with  the nerves and muscles that execute it, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/12/no-implants-needed-movement-generating-brain-waves-detected-and-decoded-outside-the-head/</link>
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		<title>A Prescription for Abdominal Pain: Due Diligence</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From: NYTimes.com: “For some reason people respect headaches,” said Dr. Carlo Di Lorenzo, a leading pediatric gastroenterologist and a professor of clinical pediatrics at Ohio State. “I’ve never seen a parent or a pediatrician tell a child complaining of a headache, ‘You don’t have a headache — it’s not real.’ Bellyache is just as real [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/12/a-prescription-for-abdominal-pain-due-diligence/</link>
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		<title>Tracing the Spark of Creative Problem-Solving</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From: NYTimes.com. 
Check out the puzzles in this article. They look easy, and mostly they are. Click here to see the puzzles.
Given three words: trip, house, and goal, for example,  find a fourth that will complete a compound word with each. A minute or so of mental trolling (housekeeper, goalkeeper, trip?) is all it [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/12/tracing-the-spark-of-creative-problem-solving/</link>
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		<title>Breathe In, Breathe Out, Fall in Love</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From: NYTimes.com.  In the front hall of the Victorian house was a laminated sign that said “Shoes,” and underneath it a row of Birkenstocks and Danskos stretched along the wall. I could hear voices coming from the meditation hall upstairs, so I figured people were already finding their seats. I sat down and pulled [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/12/breathe-in-breathe-out-fall-in-love/</link>
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		<title>Vital Signs; Regimes: Meditation, for the Mind and the Heart</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From: NYTimes.com.  Could the mental relaxation produced by transcendental meditation have physiological benefits? A study presented last week at the American Heart Association meeting in Orlando, Fla., suggests that it may, at least in the case of people with established coronary artery disease.
Researchers followed about 200 high-risk patients for an average of five years. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/12/vital-signs-regimes-meditation-for-the-mind-and-the-heart/</link>
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		<title>How Mindfulness Can Make for Better Doctors</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From: NYTimes.com One night during my training, long after all the other doctors had fled the hospital, I found a senior surgeon still on the wards working on a patient note. He was a surgeon with extraordinary skill, a doctor of few words whose folksy quips had become the stuff of department legend. “I’m sorry [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/12/how-mindfulness-can-make-for-better-doctors/</link>
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		<title>The Same Old Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From: ErvinLaszlo.com:  It makes sense to paraphrase Einstein’s famous dictum in regard to consciousness. Our problem is the unsustainability of the world we have created, and we should be clear that we can’t solve this problem with the same kind of consciousness that gave rise to it.
But many people try to do just that, even the leaders [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/12/the-same-old-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>&#8216;Consciousness signature&#8217; discovered spanning the brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From: Newscientist.com:   Electrodes implanted in the brains of people with epilepsy might have resolved an ancient question about consciousness.
Signals from the electrodes seem to show that consciousness arises from the coordinated activity of the entire brain. The signals also take us closer to finding an objective &#8220;consciousness signature&#8221; that could be used to probe [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/12/consciousness-signature-discovered-spanning-the-brain/</link>
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		<title>Canadian Psychological Association 72nd Annual Convention</title>
		<description><![CDATA[CPA&#8217;s 72nd Annual convention is being held in Toronto, Ontario, June 2-4, 2011. Come and connect with fellow CPA colleagues and find out what interesting work people have been conducting in the field of psychology!
The Convention brings together psychology scientists, practitioners, educators and students from all corners of Canada as well as from abroad; it [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/11/canadian-psychological-association-72nd-annual-convention/</link>
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		<title>Annual Cognitive Neuroscience Society Meeting: 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The 18th Annual Cognitive Neuroscience Meeting will be held April  2-5, 2011 in San Francisco, California at the Hyatt Regency Hotel. Situated right on the Embarcadero waterfront, you are just steps away from the historic Ferry Building, the ferry to Alcatraz and the San Francisco Bay.
Convention activities will begin on the afternoon of Saturday, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/11/annual-cognitive-neuroscience-society-meeting-2011/</link>
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		<title>Mental Training Through Meditation Enhances Attentional Stability</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A. Lutz, H. Slagter, et al.
Article in Journal of Neuroscience

Abstract
The capacity to stabilize the content of attention over time varies among individuals, and its impairment is a hallmark of several mental illnesses. Impairments in sustained attention in patients with attention disorders have been associated with increased trial-to-trial variability in reaction time and event-related potential deficits [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/11/mental-training-through-meditation-enhances-attentional-stability/</link>
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		<title>Cosmic Symphony — A Deeper Look at Quantum Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From: ErvinLaszlo.com
 
The rise of quantum consciousness could be the biggest step our species has taken since it came down from the trees. It would bring us to a new stage of species maturity  and could also enable us to surmount the problems that threaten our life and our future.
But just what is quantum [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/11/cosmic-symphony-%e2%80%94-a-deeper-look-at-quantum-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>What Makes You Uniquely You?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From: Discovermagazine.com
Feb 2009
Nobel laureate Gerald Edelman says your brain is one-of-a-kind in the history of the universe.
Some of the most profound questions in science are also the least  tangible. What does it mean to be sentient? What is the self? When  issues become imponderable, many researchers demur, but neuro­scientist Gerald Edelman dives right [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/11/what-makes-you-uniquely-you/</link>
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		<title>“What Babies Want&#8221; &#8211; An exploration of the Consciousness of Infants</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From: WhatBabiesWant.com
DVD Documentary starring Charlie Rose, Noah Wyle, and Joseph Chilton Pearce.
What Babies Want is an award winning documentary film that explores the profoundly important and sacred opportunity we have in bringing children into the world. Filled with captivating stories and infused with Noah Wyle&#8217;s warmth as narrator, the film demonstrates how life patterns are [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/11/%e2%80%9cwhat-babies-want-an-exploration-of-the-consciousness-of-infants/</link>
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		<title>Long-term Memories The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From The Dana Foundation
Editor’s note:  Traumatic memories haunt the lives of people suffering from  post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, and other illnesses.  Fortunately, recent research into the changeability of long-term  memories may someday develop into treatments for such individuals. But  before this can happen, writes Cristina Alberini, Ph.D., of Mount [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/11/long-term-memories-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly/</link>
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		<title>6 More Reasons to Meditate</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
From:  Psychology Today
Why meditate? Outside of religious contexts, the most common reason is stress management. But as these latest research findings demonstrate, meditation is much more than just a relaxation technique. Here are a half-dozen more good reasons to take up meditation.
To enhance concentration
Meditation has an undeserved reputation for being esoteric and difficult to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/11/6-reasons-to-meditate/</link>
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		<title>Why Animals Are Biologically Conscious. The conscious brain has a long evolutionary history.</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
From: The Blog of Dr. Bernard J. Baars inPsychology Today 
To the best of our knowledge, consciousness depends upon brains, and  brains are biological organs. In a boxing match, a blow to the jaw often  leads to a loss of consciousness, but the same impact to the torso does  not.  More [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/11/why-animals-are-biologically-conscious-the-conscious-brain-has-a-long-evolutionary-history/</link>
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		<title>Charlie Rose: The Brain Series</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The Charlie Rose Brain Series consists of interviews with some of the most knowledgeable scientists and researchers studying the human brain, including Drs. Eric Kandel and Oliver Sacks. Each monthly episode examines different subjects of the brain, including perception, social interaction, aging and creativity.
For more information, please check the Charlie Rose Brain Series website.
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		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/11/charlie-rose-the-brain-series/</link>
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		<title>Fear in Love: Attachment, Abuse, and the Developing Brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From: The Dana Foundation
Editor’s note: Why do abused children attach and remain attached to abusive parents? In this article, Dr. Regina Sullivan explains how her research with rat pups has led to greater understanding of the infant brain, and how negative early experiences can cause long-term genetic, brain, behavioral, and hormonal changes that can affect [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/11/fear-in-love-attachment-abuse-and-the-developing-brain/</link>
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		<title>Center for Consciousness Studies Conference: May2-8, 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The Center for Consciousness Studies promotes open, rigorous discussion of all phenomena relating to conscious experience.  Their annual conference is being held May 2-8, 2011, at the Aula Magna Hall, at Stockholm University in Sweden.
Toward a Science of Consciousness is an interdisciplinary conference            emphasizing [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/11/conference-toward-a-science-of-consciousness-conference-brain-mind-and-reality/</link>
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		<title>A Little Black Box to Jog Failing Memory</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
From: The New York Times
PITTSBURGH — On a cold, wet afternoon not long ago, Aron Reznick sat in the lounge of a home for the elderly here, his silver hair neatly combed, his memory a fog. He could not remember Thanksgiving dinner with his family, though when he was given a hint — “turkey” — [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/10/a-little-black-box-to-jog-failing-memory/</link>
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		<title>Neuroscience 2010 in San Diego Nov 13-17</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Neuroscience 2010, the 40th annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, is scheduled for Nov. 13-17 in San Diego, CA at the San Diego Convention Center.
Through lectures, symposia, workshops, and events, attendees experience innovative neuroscience research. The meeting features thousands of abstracts and provides networking and professional development opportunities.
For more information, please check the conference website.
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		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/10/neuroscience-2010-in-san-diego-nov-13-17/</link>
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		<title>The Vegetative State and the Science of Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Article in British Journal for the Philosophy of Science
N. Shea, T. Bayne
Abstract
Consciousness in experimental subjects is typically  inferred from reports and other forms of voluntary behaviour. A wealth                      of everyday experience confirms that [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/10/the-vegetative-state-and-the-science-of-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>Hypnosis Leads to Heightened Brain Waves and Levels of Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From: Natural News
Many people are wary of hypnosis because they are not educated on the topic. Hypnosis is a natural state and many people reach this state of consciousness every day without even realizing it. When you drive a car, you are in a light state of hypnosis. You are in control, you have an [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/10/hypnosis-leads-to-heightened-brain-waves-and-levels-of-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>The Default Network: Your Mind, on Its Own Time</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From The Dana Foundation:

Studies about the brain usually focus on neural activity during the completion of a specific task—remembering a series of words, for example. But over the last 20 years, researchers have been interested in what the brain does during periods of supposed inactivity. They discovered that when someone appears to be doing nothing [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/10/the-default-network-your-mind-on-its-own-time/</link>
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		<title>Seizing an Opportunity: Broader Definitions of Epilepsy May Lead to Better Treatments</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From The Dana Foundation:
There is not just one type of epilepsy. While some forms of the disease are characterized by convulsive seizures, others involve seizures that are barely noticeable. Seizures can occur for many reasons: they can be caused by genetic mutations, injury, or infection early in life. In addition, events in daily life, such [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/10/seizing-an-opportunity-broader-definitions-of-epilepsy-may-lead-to-better-treatments/</link>
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		<title>What research paradigms have cognitive psychologists used to study “False memory,” and what are the implications of these choices?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[K. Pezdek, S. Lam
Article in Consciousness and Cognition
Abstract
This research examines the methodologies employed by cognitive psychologists to study &#8220;false memory&#8220;, and assesses if these methodologies are likely to facilitate scientific progress or perhaps constrain the conclusions reached. A PsycINFO search of the empirical publications in cognitive psychology was conducted through January, 2004, using the subject [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/10/what-research-paradigms-have-cognitive-psychologists-used-to-study-%e2%80%9cfalse-memory%e2%80%9d-and-what-are-the-implications-of-these-choices/</link>
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		<title>Could an Experimental Memory Drug Put an End to “Senior Moments”?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From: Discover Magazine Online:
A new drug seems to be able to reverse normal age-related memory decline in old mice–like a face-lift for neurons, bringing them back to their younger days. The results of the experimental treatment, which works by blocking certain stress hormones, were published in the Journal of Neuroscience.
“What’s most surprising is that even [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2010/10/could-an-experimental-memory-drug-put-an-end-to-%e2%80%9csenior-moments%e2%80%9d/</link>
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		<title>Toward a Science of Consciousness 2010</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Second Announcement and Call for Abstracts
Toward a Science of Consciousness, April 12-17, 2010
Tucson Convention Center, Tucson, Arizona
Abstract Submission Deadline December 31, 2009
Conference website:www.consciousness.arizona.edu
Notification by January 10, 2010
Sponsored by The Center for Consciousness Studies, The University of Arizona

 

The ninth biennial Tucson conference Toward a Science of Consciousness
will take place April 12-17, 2010 at the Tucson [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/12/toward-a-science-of-consciousness-2010-2/</link>
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		<title>Wired for Hunger: The Brain and Obesity</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From the Dana Foundation:For most of human history, food was not readily available; storing energy helped ensure survival. Humans thus evolved to eat whenever food is at hand-a tendency that in the modern world may contribute to widespread obesity. Researchers are starting to determine the brain circuitry responsible for this default &#8220;eat&#8221; message. Marcelo Dietrich [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/11/wired-for-hunger-the-brain-and-obesity/</link>
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		<title>Consciousness: Two College-Level Webcourses</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
ANNOUNCEMENT / REMINDER
CONSCIOUSNESS: THE WEBCOURSE
&#38;
ADVANCED SEMINAR:AN INTRODUCTION TO MIND AND BRAIN
With Dr. Bernard J. Baars
 Center for Consciousness Studies
The University of Arizona
See website for course outline and registration forms:
www.consciousness.arizona.edu
Brief Summary:
Both courses will run November 14, 2009 through February 7, 2010 with a Winter Break from December 20 to January 4.
You will receive weekly podcasts, pdf [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/11/consciousness-two-college-level-webcourses/</link>
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		<title>Theta Rhythm and Memory Performance</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In a recent study, Sebastian Guderian and colleagues examined the relation between theta oscillations and memory performance. During the study phase of this memory experiment, participants were presented with words and either performed a semantic or phonemic encoding task (there were two levels of processing used in this experiment). During the study phase, the researchers [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/10/theta-rhythm-and-memory-performance/</link>
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		<title>What Can Dance Teach Us about Learning?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From the Dana Foundation: We might begin to learn a dance step when someone describes it to us, but we learn it better when we physically perform the steps as we observe and imitate an instructor doing them. Scott Grafton&#8217;s research sheds light on the brain&#8217;s action observation network, which fires up both when we [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/10/what-can-dance-teach-us-about-learning/</link>
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		<title>Alpha Oscillations, Attention and Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[One way to describe brain activity measured by EEG or MEG is by its frequency content. Frequencies can be categorized into one of the following ranges: low, middle and high. The low frequencies include the delta and theta ranges, whereas the middle frequency range consists of the alpha and beta ranges. The gamma wave belongs [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/10/alpha-oscillations-attention-and-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>1/f Scaling and Emergent Pattern Formation in Complex Systems</title>
		<description><![CDATA[1/f scaling (or 1/f noise) refers to a scaling relation followed by fluctuations that have been widely observed in nature. 1/f  fluctuations have been observed ubiquitously across different disciplines of science (e.g. chemistry, psychology, biology). In specific relation to cognitive neuroscience, 1/f scaling has been observed widely in fMRI measurement series and treated, generally, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/10/1f-scaling-and-emergent-pattern-formation-in-complex-systems/</link>
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		<title>Lucid Dreaming: A State of Consciousness with Features of Both Waking and Non-Lucid Dreaming</title>
		<description><![CDATA[U. Voss, R. Holzmann, I. Tuin, J.A. Hobson
 Article in Sleep
Abstract
Study Objectives: The goal of the study was to seek physiological correlates of lucid dreaming. Lucid dreaming is a dissociated state with aspects of waking and dreaming combined in a way so as to suggest a specific alteration in brain physiology for which we now [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/10/lucid-dreaming-a-state-of-consciousness-with-features-of-both-waking-and-non-lucid-dreaming/</link>
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		<title>Causal role of prefrontal cortex in the threshold for access to consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A. Del Cul, S. Dehaene, P. Reyes, E. Bravo, A. Slachevsky
Article in Brain
Abstract
What neural mechanisms support our conscious perception of briefly presented stimuli? Some theories of conscious access postulate a key role of topdown amplification loops involving prefrontal cortex (PFC). To test this issue, we measured the visual backward masking threshold in patients with focal [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/10/causal-role-of-prefrontal-cortex-in-the-threshold-for-access-to-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>Web-based Courses on Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Center for Consciousness Studies
announces

FALL 2009

Registration OPEN
November 14, 2009 to FEBRUARY 7, 2010

CONSCIOUSNESS: THE WEBCOURSE
and
ADVANCED SEMINAR: AN INTRODUCTION TO MIND AND BRAIN
Both taught by Dr. Bernard J. Baars

Both courses will run
November 14, 2009 &#8211; FEBRUARY  7, 2010
With a Winter Break from December 20 to January 4
Click here for Syllabus and Registration Forms 
Tel: 520-621-9317
Email: center@u.arizona.edu
]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/10/web-based-courses-on-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>TOWARD A SCIENCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS 2010</title>
		<description><![CDATA[First Announcement and Call for Abstracts
TOWARD A SCIENCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS 2010
April 12-17, 2010
 Tucson Convention Center, Tucson, Arizona
Sponsored by:
 The Center for Consciousness Studies, The University of Arizona
Click here for conference website.
The ninth biennial Tucson conference Toward a Science of Consciousness will take place April 12-17, 2010 at the Tucson Convention Center in Tucson, Arizona. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/09/toward-a-science-of-consciousness-2010/</link>
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		<title>Survey: Neuroscience in Economics and Marketing?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[NEUROMARKETING SURVEY
We would like to invite you to take part to this survey. Your answers will help to gather information about the perceptions and thoughts about the use of brain science methods in non-medical settings.
CONFIDENTIALITY
Any information that you provide will be confidential. All participants will be anonymous such that no personal information concerning you or [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/07/survey-neuroscience-in-economics-and-marketing/</link>
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		<title>Neuroscience Meets Psychoanalysis</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From the Dana Foundation: Dr. Pierre Magistretti and Dr. Francois Ansermet spoke with Dana Foundation Chairman William Safire about their book, Biology of Freedom: Neural Plasticity, Experience, and the Unconscious, and the bridge between neuroscience and psychoanalysis. The event took place on November  14, 2007 at the Dana Center in Washington, DC. 
Click here for [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/05/neuroscience-meets-psychoanalysis/</link>
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		<title>Learning, Arts, and the Brain: the Dana Consortium Report on Arts and Cognition</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From the Dana Foundation: The Dana Foundation released at a news conference on March 4, Learning, Arts, and the Brain, a three-year study at seven universities, which finds strong links between arts education and cognitive development. Speakers included Michael Gazzaniga, Ph.D., UC, Santa Barbara; Michael Posner, Ph.D., University of Oregon;  Elizabeth Spelke, Ph.D., Harvard University [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/05/learning-arts-and-the-brain-the-dana-consortium-report-on-arts-and-cognition/</link>
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		<title>Everyday Practice of Science: Where Intuition and Passion Meet Objectivity and Logic</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Everyday Practice of Science: Where Intuition and Passion Meet Objectivity and Logic

BY FREDERICK GRINNELL
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
248 PAGES
Reviewed by Alice Kim
From grade school onwards, I was taught that science follows a linear process.  The practice of science was equated to the scientific method.  During my undergraduate career I had the opportunity to get involved in research [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/05/everyday-practice-of-science-where-intuition-and-passion-meet-objectivity-and-logic/</link>
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		<title>Understanding Consciousness, 2nd Edition</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Authored by Max Velmans
Understanding Consciousness, 2nd Edition provides a unique survey and evaluation of consciousness studies, along with an original analysis of consciousness that combines scientific findings, philosophy and common sense. Building on the widely praised first edition, this new edition adds fresh research, and deepens the original analysis in a way that reflects some of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/05/understanding-consciousness-2nd-edition/</link>
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		<title>Intuitions About Consciousness: Experimental Studies</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Joshua Knobe and Jesse Prinz
Article in Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences
Abstract
When people are trying to determine whether an entity is capable of having certain kinds of mental states, they can think of it either from a functional standpoint or from a physical standpoint. We conducted a series of studies to determine how each of these standpoints impact people&#8217;s [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/04/intuitions-about-consciousness-experimental-studies/</link>
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		<title>The Emergence of Consciousness in Phylogeny</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Michel Cabanac, Arnaud J. Cabanac, Andre Parent
Article in Behavioural Brain Research
Abstract
The brains of animals show chemical, anatomical, and functional differences, such as dopamine production and structure of sleep, between Amniota and older groups. In addition, play behavior, capacity to acquire taste aversion, sensory pleasure in decision making, and expression of emotional tachycardia and fever started also to be displayed by Amniota, suggesting [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/04/the-emergence-of-consciousness-in-phylogeny/</link>
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		<title>Falls, Faints, Fits and Funny Turns</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Roland D. Thijs, Bastiaan R. Bloem, J. Gert van Dijk
 Article in Journal of Neurology
Abstract
In this practically oriented review, we will outline the clinical approach of patients with falls due to an impairment or loss of consciousness. Following a set of definitions, we describe the salient clinical features of disorders leading to such falls. Among falls [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/04/falls-faints-fits-and-funny-turns/</link>
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		<title>Investigating the Awareness of Remembering</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Ken A. Paller, Joel L.Voss, Carmen E. Westerberg
 Article in Perspectives on Psychological Science
Abstract
There is a marked lack of consensus concerning the best way to learn how conscious experiences arise. In this article, we advocate for scientific approaches that attempt to bring together four types of phenomena and their corresponding theoretical accounts: behavioral acts, cognitive [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/04/investigating-the-awareness-of-remembering/</link>
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		<title>Toward a Science of Consciousness Conference 2009: Announcement and Call for Papers</title>
		<description><![CDATA[[ June 11, 2009 to June 14, 2009. ] 


(Original posted on 15 Nov. 2008)
Investigating Inner Experience
Brain, Mind, Technology

Hong   Kong, China, June 11-14, 2009

www.asiaconsciousness.org/TSC

Long a meeting place for Eastern and Western ideas and the media capital of Asia, Hong Kong,  China hosts the 15th in a series of Toward a Science of Consciousness conferences held yearly since 1994. The conferences are [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/04/toward-a-science-of-consciousness-conference-june-2009/</link>
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		<title>Nature Precedings: Pre-publication research and preliminary findings</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Contribute, comment and collaborate
Nature Precedings is a free online service from NPG that enables researchers in the life sciences to openly share preliminary findings, solicit community feedback, and claim priority over discoveries by posting preprint manuscripts, white papers, technical reports, posters, and presentations.
]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/03/nature-precedings-pre-publication-research-and-preliminary-findings/</link>
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		<title>SCR is back after hiatus</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Apologies for the confusion everyone.  It won&#8217;t be happening again for quite sometime.
]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/03/scr-is-back-after-hiatus/</link>
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		<title>The Default Mode Network and Self-Referential Processes in Depression</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In a recent study, Sheline and colleagues examined whether patients with major depression were impaired in their ability to regulate the activity of the default mode network, which is characterized by self-referential functions.  To do so, they used fMRI to measure changes in brain activity occurring within this network in 20 individuals with major depression [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/02/the-default-mode-network-and-self-referential-processes-in-depression/</link>
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		<title>When Your Gain is My Pain and Your Pain is My Gain: Neural Correlates of Envy and Schadenfreude</title>
		<description><![CDATA[We often make social comparisons to evaluate others and ourselves.  In a recent study in Science, Takahashi and colleagues investigated the neurocognitive mechanisms of envy and schadenfreude (pleasure at another&#8217;s misfortune) using fMRI.  The researchers found that envy and schadenfreude are associated with different parts of the brain.  Whereas envy was associated with the dorsal [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/02/when-your-gain-is-my-pain-and-your-pain-is-my-gain-neural-correlates-of-envy-and-schadenfreude/</link>
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		<title>Interoceptive Awareness in Experienced Meditators</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Meditation can be conceptualized as a complex form of attentional and emotional training that promotes well-being and emotional balance.  In most meditation traditions, a common practice is to focus one&#8217;s attention to internal body sensations, and many traditions state that this practice results in an increased awareness of internal body sensations.  In a study by Khalsa and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/02/interoceptive-awareness-in-experienced-meditators/</link>
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		<title>Outliers: The Story of Success</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Why do some people succeed far more than others? Martin Gladwell, the author of The Tipping Point and Blink, tackles this question in his latest book Outliers.  Gladwell argues that the true story of success is much more complex than the story that is typically told about extremely successful people &#8211; one that centers on ambition [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/02/outliers-the-story-of-success/</link>
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		<title>Personality and Motivations Associated with Facebook Use</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Craig Ross, Emily S. Orr, Mia Sisic, Jaime M. Arseneault, Mary G. Simmering and R. Robert Orr
 Article in Computers in Human Behavior
Abstract
 Facebook is quickly becoming one of the most popular tools for social communication. However, Facebook is somewhat different from other Social Networking Sites as it demonstrates an offline-to-online trend; that is, the majority [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/01/personality-and-motivations-associated-with-facebook-use/</link>
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		<title>Identity Construction on Facebook: Digital Empowerment in Anchored Relationships</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Shanyang Zhao, Sherri Grasmuck and Jason Martin
Article in Computers in Human Behavior
Abstract
Early research on online self-presentation mostly focused on identity constructions in anonymous online environments. Such studies found that individuals tended to engage in role-play games and anti-normative behaviors in the online world. More recent studies have examined identity performance in less anonymous online settings such [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/01/identity-construction-on-facebook-digital-empowerment-in-anchored-relationships/</link>
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		<title>Caloric Restriction Improves Memory in Elderly Humans</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A. V. Witte, M. Fobker, R. Gellner, S. Knecht and A. Flöel
Article in PNAS
Abstract
Animal studies suggest that diets low in calories and rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) are beneficial for cognitive function in age. Here, we tested in a prospective interventional design whether the same effects can be induced in humans. Fifty healthy, normal- to overweight [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/01/caloric-restriction-improves-memory-in-elderly-humans/</link>
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		<title>Hyperactivity and Hyperconnectivity of the Default Network in Schizophrenia and in First-degree Relatives of Persons with Schizophrenia</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli, Heidi W. Thermenos, Snezana Milanovic, Ming T. Tsuang, Stephen V. Faraone, Robert W. McCarley, Martha E. Shenton, Alan I. Green, Alfonso Nieto-Castanon, Peter LaViolette, Joanne Wojcik, John D. E. Gabrieli and Larry J. Seidman
 Article in PNAS
Abstract
We examined the status of the neural network mediating the default mode of brain function, which typically exhibits greater [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/01/hyperactivity-and-hyperconnectivity-of-the-default-network-in-schizophrenia-and-in-first-degree-relatives-of-persons-with-schizophrenia/</link>
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		<title>Organizing for the Kingdom of Behavior: Academic Battles and Organizational Policies in the Twenties</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In his paper, Samelson (1985) highlights structural changes that occurred in academia and beyond during the 1920&#8242;s; like the changes and activities that were going on in research, these external changes were largely influenced by World War I.  Samelson demonstrates that the historical developments of behaviorism were complicated and that a variety of forces and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/01/organizing-for-the-kingdom-of-behavior-academic-battles-and-organizational-policies-in-the-twenties/</link>
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		<title>‘Introspectionism&#8217; and the Mythical Origins of Scientific Psychology</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Alan Costall
 Article in Consciousness and Cognition
Abstract
According to the majority of the textbooks, the history of modern, scientific psychology can be tidily encapsulated in the following three stages. Scientific psychology began with a commitment to the study of mind, but based on the method of introspection. Watson rejected introspectionism as both unreliable and effete, and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/01/%e2%80%98introspectionism-and-the-mythical-origins-of-scientific-psychology/</link>
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		<title>Learning, Arts, and the Brain: The Dana Consortium Report</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From the Dana Foundation: Learning, Arts, and the Brain, a study three years in the making, is the result of research by cognitive neuroscientists from seven leading universities across the United States. In the Dana Consortium study, released in March 2008, researchers grappled with a fundamental question: Are smart people drawn to the arts or does [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/01/learning-arts-and-the-brain-the-dana-consortium-report/</link>
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		<title>The ‘Super-aged&#8217; Proffer a Template</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From The Dana Foundation: My great-grandmother lived to the ripe old age of 98. While many of her friends and neighbors had lost critical cognitive function decades before, requiring assistance for day-to-day activities, she somehow maintained her faculties well enough to live on her own well into her 90s. What was it about my great-grandmother&#8217;s brain-and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/01/the-%e2%80%98super-aged-proffer-a-template/</link>
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		<title>Inventing Our Selves: Psychology, Power, and Personhood</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Inventing Our Selves: Psychology, Power, and Personhood
BY NIKOLAS ROSE
Cambridge University Press (December 28, 1998)
236 pages
Book summary by Alice Kim
In Inventing Our Selves: Psychology, Power, and Personhood, Rose questions some of our contemporary certainties about the kinds of people we take ourselves to be, with the aim of  helping to develop alternative ways in which we might [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2009/01/taming-the-modern-self/</link>
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		<title>H.M.&#8217;s Brain and the History of Memory</title>
		<description><![CDATA[For an audio recording provided by the National Public Radio on patient H.M. and his contribution to memory research, click here.
]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/12/hms-brain-and-the-history-of-memory/</link>
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		<title>H. M., an Unforgettable Amnesiac, Dies at 82</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From The New York Time (4 Dec. 2008): He knew his name. That much he could remember.
He knew that his father&#8217;s family came from Thibodaux, La., and his mother was from Ireland, and he knew about the 1929 stock market crash and World War II and life in the 1940s.
But he could remember almost nothing [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/12/h-m-an-unforgettable-amnesiac-dies-at-82/</link>
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		<title>Seeking Insights Into the Human Mind in Art and Science</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

Proust Was a Neuroscientist
BY JONAH LEHRER
HOUGHTON MIFFLIN, 2007
230 PAGES
Reviewed by Steven Rose, Ph.D.
About Steven Rose, Ph.D.
From The Dana Foundation: Proust was a neuroscientist? No, despite Jonah Lehrer&#8217;s provocative title, the novelist Marcel Proust was not.
Proust&#8217;s seven-volume novel, À la recherche du temps perdu (English translations are titled either Remembrance of Things Past or In Search of Lost Time), published between [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/12/seeking-insights-into-the-human-mind-in-art-and-science/</link>
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		<title>Real-time chemical responses in the nucleus accumbens differentiate rewarding and aversive stimuli</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Mitchell F Roitman, Robert A Wheeler, R Mark Wightman and Regina M Carelli
 Article in Nature Neuroscience
Abstract
Rewarding and aversive stimuli evoke very different patterns of behavior and are rapidly discriminated. Here taste stimuli of opposite hedonic valence evoked opposite patterns of dopamine and metabolic activity within milliseconds in the nucleus accumbens. This rapid encoding may serve [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/11/real-time-chemical-responses-in-the-nucleus-accumbens-differentiate-rewarding-and-aversive-stimuli/</link>
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		<title>Gamma oscillations mediate stimulus competition and attentional selection in a cortical network model</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Christoph Börgers, Steven Epstein, and Nancy J. Kopell
 Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA
Abstract
Simultaneous presentation of multiple stimuli can reduce the firing rates of neurons in extrastriate visual cortex below the rate elicited by a single preferred stimulus. We describe computational results suggesting how this remarkable effect may arise from strong excitatory [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/11/gamma-oscillations-mediate-stimulus-competition-and-attentional-selection-in-a-cortical-network-model/</link>
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		<title>The Decider</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Informing the debate over the reality of ‘free will&#8217; requires learning something about the lateral habenula.
From ScienceNews: At the end of The Matrix trilogy, Neo and Agent Smith are engaged in one final, interminable scene of surreal combat, a surrogate competition for an eternal battle between humans and machines. &#8220;It&#8217;s pointless to keep fighting,&#8221; Agent Smith declares [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/11/the-decider/</link>
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		<title>&#8220;Giving Up Maleness&#8221;: Abraham Maslow, Masculinity, and the Boundaries of Psychology</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In a paper in History of Psychology, Nicholson (2001) examines Abraham Maslow&#8217;s attempt to reconstruct the boundaries of psychology. This paper focuses on Maslow&#8217;s struggle to find a way to &#8220;soften&#8221; scientific psychology without completely undermining what he believed was its essentially male nature.  Nicholson argues that Maslow&#8217;s attempt to broaden what it meant to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/11/giving-up-maleness-abraham-maslow-masculinity-and-the-boundaries-of-psychology/</link>
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		<title>BOOK: Frontiers of consciousness &#8212; The Chichele lectures</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In recent years consciousness has become a significant area of study in the cognitive sciences. The &#8216;Frontiers of Consciousness&#8216; is a major interdisciplinary exploration of consciousness. The book stems from the Chichele lectures held at All Souls College in Oxford, and features contributions from a &#8216;who&#8217;s who&#8217; of authorities from both philosophy and psychology. The [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/11/book-frontiers-of-consciousness-the-chichele-lectures/</link>
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		<title>Self-awareness deficits following loss of inner speech: Dr. Jill Bolte Taylor’s case study</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Alain Morin
 Article in Consciousness and Cognition
Abstract
In her 2006 book ‘‘My Stroke of Insight&#8221; Dr. Jill Bolte Taylor relates her experience of suffering from a left hemispheric stroke caused by a congenital arteriovenous malformation which led to a loss of inner speech. Her phenomenological account strongly suggests that this impairment produced a global self-awareness deficit [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/11/self-awareness-deficits-following-loss-of-inner-speech-dr-jill-bolte-taylor%e2%80%99s-case-study/</link>
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		<title>How good are you at Self-Control?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

Two recent studies suggest that effective self-regulation involves strong working memory capacity
Why is it that you managed to lose 10 pounds in only one month while I did not lose a single pound in three months? Classic work conducted in the 80&#8242;s by Albert Bandura, Charles Carver, and Michael Scheier, as well as more recent efforts [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/11/how-good-are-you-at-self-control/</link>
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		<title>Connectomics: Tracing the Wires of the Brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From The Dana Foundation: Scientists working with rapidly advancing computer technology and electron microscopes hope one day to map the billions of neuronal connections in the brain. The resulting map, or &#8220;connectome,&#8221; could help us understand memory, intelligence and mental disorders, Dr. Sebastian Seung writes.
Suppose that someone gave you a radio and asked you to figure [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/11/connectomics-tracing-the-wires-of-the-brain/</link>
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		<title>Human Brain is Capable of Subliminal Conditioning, Study Shows</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From The Dana Foundation: Imagine you are playing a game of poker. Watching your opponent, you have a gut feeling that if you raise the bet, he will fold. You decide to go with your intuition and it works.
Were you just lucky?
According to neuroscientist Mathias Pessiglione, the gut feeling you experienced could be the result [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/11/human-brain-is-capable-of-subliminal-conditioning-study-shows/</link>
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		<title>Art Teams With Science to Explain It All to You</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From NY Times (Oct 31, 2008):  The taste of a ripe tomato, the hook of a catchy song, the scent of a lover&#8217;s hair. What is it, exactly, that drives us to seek these things again and again?
Neuroscientists who study perception are starting to discover the inner workings of the sensory mind. Starting on Monday [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/11/art-teams-with-science-to-explain-it-all-to-you/</link>
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		<title>Online papers on consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
David Chalmers had compiled a directory of 2573 online papers on consciousness and related topics. Most of these papers are by academic philosophers or scientists. Click here to check out this great online resource.
]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/11/online-papers-on-consciousness-2/</link>
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		<title>Theta phase synchrony and conscious target perception: Impact of intensive mental training</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Heleen A. Slagter, Antoine Lutz, Lawrence L. Greischar, Sander Nieuwenhuis, and Richard J. Davidson.
 Article in Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Abstract
The information processing capacity of the human mind is limited, as is evidenced by the attentional blink-a deficit in identifying the second of two targets (T1 and T2) presented in close succession. This deficit is thought to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/11/theta-phase-synchrony-and-conscious-target-perception-impact-of-intensive-mental-training/</link>
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		<title>The Problem of Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[John R. Searle 
Copyright John R. Searle.  Click here for complete online text.
The most important scientific discovery of the present era will come when someone &#8212; or some group &#8212; discovers the answer to the following question: How exactly do neurobiological processes in the brain cause consciousness? This is the most important question facing us [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/11/the-problem-of-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>Is surfing the internet altering your brain?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From Reuters: CANBERRA (Reuters) &#8211; The Internet is not just changing the way people live but altering the way our brains work with a neuroscientist arguing this is an evolutionary change which will put the tech-savvy at the top of the new social order.
Gary Small, a neuroscientist at UCLA in California who specializes in brain [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/10/is-surfing-the-internet-altering-your-brain/</link>
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		<title>New vistas for alpha-frequency band oscillations</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Palva S, Palva JM.
 Article in Trends in Neurosciences
Abstract
The amplitude of alpha-frequency band (8-14 Hz) activity in the human electroencephalogram is suppressed by eye opening, visual stimuli and visual scanning, whereas it is enhanced during internal tasks, such as mental calculation and working memory. Alpha-frequency band oscillations have hence been thought to reflect idling or [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/10/new-vistas-for-alpha-frequency-band-oscillations/</link>
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		<title>I move, therefore I am: A new theoretical framework to investigate agency and ownership</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Matthis Synofzik, Gottfried Vosgerau and Albert Newen
Article in Consciousness and Cognition
Abstract
The neurocognitive structure of the acting self has recently been widely studied, yet is still perplexing and remains an often confounded issue in cognitive neuroscience, psychopathology and philosophy. We provide a new systematic account of two of its main features, the sense of agency and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/10/i-move-therefore-i-am-a-new-theoretical-framework-to-investigate-agency-and-ownership/</link>
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		<title>Attention regulation and monitoring in meditation</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Antoine Lutz, Heleen A. Slagter, John D. Dunne and Richard J. Davidson
Review article in Trends in Cognitive Sciences, click here for full article
Abstract:
Meditation can be conceptualized as a family of complex emotional and attentional regulatory training regimes developed for various ends, including the cultivation of well-being and emotional balance. Among these various practices, there are two [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/10/attention-regulation-and-monitoring-in-meditation/</link>
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		<title>Pain, dissociation and subliminal self-representations</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Petr Bob
 Review article in Consciousness and Cognition
Abstract:
According to recent evidence, neurophysiological processes coupled to pain are closely related to the mechanisms of consciousness. This evidence is in accordance with findings that changes in states of consciousness during hypnosis or traumatic dissociation strongly affect conscious perception and experience of pain, and markedly influence brain functions. Past [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/10/pain-dissociation-and-subliminal-self-representations/</link>
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		<title>Mood state effects of chocolate</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Gordon Parker, Isabella Parker and Heather Brotchie
Article in Journal of Affective Disorders
Abstract:
Background: Chocolate consumption has long been associated with enjoyment and pleasure. Popular claims confer on chocolate the properties of being a stimulant, relaxant, euphoriant, aphrodisiac, tonic and antidepressant. The last claim stimulated this review.
Method: We review chocolate&#8217;s properties and the principal hypotheses addressing its claimed mood altering propensities. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/10/mood-state-effects-of-chocolate/</link>
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		<title>Toward a Cultural Phenomenology of Personal Identity</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Excerpt from Tafarodi, R. W. (2008). Toward a cultural phenomenology of personal identity. In F. Sani (Ed.), Self-continuity: Individual and collective perspectives (pp. 27-40). New York: Psychology Press.   
How does our inherited world of meaning relate to our fundamental experience of ourselves as persons? Is there a core of self-consciousness that is sequestered from the constitutive reach of culture [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/10/toward-a-cultural-phenomenology-of-personal-identity-by-r-w-tafarodi/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>Theta synchronization during episodic retrieval: Neural correlates of conscious awareness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In a past study, Klimesch and colleagues examined whether the conscious experience of remembering and knowing are associated with neural synchronization in the theta bandwidth.  These investigators first presented participants with a series of words (through both auditory and visual means) and then tested participants&#8217; memory for these words using a recognition test and the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/10/theta-synchronization-during-episodic-retrieval-neural-correlates-of-conscious-awareness/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Cephalopod consciousness: Behavioural evidence</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Building on past investigations of the possibility of a form of consciousness in birds and cephalopod molluscs, Jennifer Mather reports on cephalopod consciousness in an article in Consciousness and Cognition.  Using global workspace as a criterion for consciousness, Mather concludes that cephalopods appear to have primary consciousness.
Abstract:
Behavioural evidence suggests that cephalopod molluscs may have a [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/10/cephalopod-consciousness-behavioural-evidence/</link>
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		<title>Comparison of event-related potentials in attentional blink and repetition blindess</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In a recent study, Mika Koivisto and Antti Revonsuo compared the timing and mechanisms of attentional blink (AB) and repetition blindness (RB) directly during the same rapid serial visual presentation stream to examine the relation between the two phenomena.  To do so, they recorded electrophysiological responses over the scalp (EEG, ERP) to repeated and unrepeated targets.
The authors report the following findings:
Comparable [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/10/comparison-of-event-related-potentials-in-attentional-blink-and-repetition-blindess/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>EEG activity in Carmelite nuns during a mystical experience</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In a recent article, Beauregard and Paquette examined EEG spectral power and coherence in 14 Carmelite nuns during a mystical experience, which is characterized by a sense of union with God and is reported across all cultures.
EEG data were recorded for three conditions: Mystical, Control and Baseline. During the Mystical conditions, the nuns were asked [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/10/eeg-activity-in-carmelite-nuns-during-a-mystical-experience/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>ASSC Conference, June 2008</title>
		<description><![CDATA[[ June 19, 2008 to June 22, 2008. ] 

Location: Gis Convention Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Date: June 19-22, 2008
Contact: assc12@ym.edu.tw  
Click here for conference website 

We are glad to announce that the 12th annual meeting of Association for Scientific Study of Consciousness will be held for the first time in Asia during 19-22 June, 2008, in Taipei, Taiwan.
The conference will take place at the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/04/the-12th-annual-meeting-of-the-association-for-the-scientific-study-of-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>Neuroeconomics conference Copenhagen, May 2008</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
A unique opportunity to learn about contemporary neuroeconomics

We are writing to you in connection with the Conference on Neuroeconomics (ConNEcs 2008), which is going to take place at the Copenhagen Business School May 14-16, 2008. The conference is arranged by Center for Marketing Communication in cooperation with Hilke Plassmann (CalTech, US) and Peter Kenning (Zeppelin [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/03/neuroeconomics-conference-copenhagen-may-2008/</link>
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		<title>The first hominin of Europe</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In this week&#8217;s Nature, an article reports on the discovery of a human lower jaw associated with stone tools and animal bones from the Sima del Elefante in northern Spain. The finds have been dated to between 1.1 and 1.2 million years using a variety of dating techniques, making the site the oldest and most [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/03/the-first-hominin-of-europe/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>Who&#8217;s bad? Chimps figure it out by observation</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Chimpanzees make judgments about the actions and dispositions of strangers by observing others’ behavior and interactions in different situations. Specifically, chimpanzees show an ability to recognize certain behavioral traits and make assumptions about the presence or absence of these traits in strangers in similar situations thereafter. These findings, by Dr. Francys Subiaul &#8211; from the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/03/whos-bad-chimps-figure-it-out-by-observation/</link>
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		<title>Neuropsychologia special issue: Consciousness &amp; Perception</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Neuropsychologia hosts a special issue in relation to the work of Larry Weiskrantz. It contains a densely packed number of articles on the topic of blindsight and hindsights.
Neuropsychologia &#8212; Volume 46, Issue 3,                       [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/03/neuropsychologia-special-issue-consciousness-perception/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>Gene variants may increase risk of anxiety disorders</title>
		<description><![CDATA[[ October 20, 2008 to October 22, 2008. ] From physorg: Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) researchers – in collaboration with scientists at the University of California at San Diego and Yale University – have discovered perhaps the strongest evidence yet linking variation in a particular gene with anxiety-related traits. In the March issue of Archives of General Psychiatry, the team describes finding that particular [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/03/gene-variants-may-increase-risk-of-anxiety-disorders/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>New issue: Self &amp; Identity</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Self &#38; Identity is out, with articles including topics such as cultural differences in self-esteem, the self in change, and the self in life transitions.
TOC
Explaining self-esteem differences between Chinese and North Americans: Dialectical self (vs. self-consistency) or lack of positive self-regard p. 113
Authors: Young-Hoon Kim;  Siqing Peng; Chi-Yue Chiu
DOI: 10.1080/15298860601063437
Link: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&#38;issn=1529-8868&#38;volume=7&#38;issue=2&#38;spage=113&#38;uno_jumptype=alert&#38;uno_alerttype=new_issue_alert,email

Self-structure [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/03/new-issue-self-identity/</link>
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		<title>Consciousness, Brain Rhythms, and the Perception-Action Cycle</title>
		<description><![CDATA[[ May 3, 2008 to May 4, 2008. ] 
A Workshop at the University of Memphis
May 3-4, 2008
A wave of scientific findings is now emerging on brain rhythms in consciousness, perception, autobiographical memory, action planning and attention. This small, intensive workshop presents five leading researchers in the field, discussing their work with a small audience. Students, scientists and the public are welcome to attend.

Please [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/02/consciousness-brain-rhythms-and-the-perception-action-cycle-may-3-4-2008/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>Emotion &#8212; new issue</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Emotions is out, with articles on the inter- and intrapersonal functions of smiling, emotion and time perception, and the automaticity of emotion recognition.

Emotion
Volume 8, Issue 1,  Pages 1-150 (February 2008)
Smiling in the Face of Adversity: The Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Functions of Smiling
Pages 1-12
Anthony Papa and George A. Bonanno
Fifty Years of Memory [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/02/emotion-new-issue/</link>
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		<title>From Monkey Brain to Human Brain: A Fyssen Foundation Symposium</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Edited by Stanislas Dehaene, Jean-René Duhamel, Marc D. Hauser and Giacomo Rizzolatti
The extraordinary overlap between human and chimpanzee genomes does not result in an equal overlap between human and chimpanzee thoughts, sensations, perceptions, and emotions; there are considerable similarities but also considerable differences between human and nonhuman primate brains. From Monkey Brain to Human Brain [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/02/from-monkey-brain-to-human-brain-a-fyssen-foundation-symposium/</link>
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		<title>The Hidden Sense: Synesthesia in Art and Science</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Authored by Cretien van Campen
What does it mean to hear music in colors, to taste voices, to see each letter of the alphabet as a different color? These uncommon sensory experiences are examples of synesthesia, when two or more senses cooperate in perception. Once dismissed as imagination or delusion, metaphor or drug-induced hallucination, the experience [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/02/the-hidden-sense-synesthesia-in-art-and-science/</link>
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		<title>God on the brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From BBC (and read exciting transcript): Rudi Affolter and Gwen Tighe have both experienced strong religious visions. He is an atheist; she a Christian. He thought he had died; she thought she had given birth to Jesus. Both have temporal lobe epilepsy.
Like other forms of epilepsy, the condition causes fitting but it is also associated [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/01/god-on-the-brain/</link>
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		<title>New books for SCR review</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Dear all,
As recently announced, we now present a list of books that are approved for review at the Science &#38; Consciousness Review. If you are interested in reviewing a particular book (or a book not listed here), please send us (thomasr AT drcmr DOT dk) a note with your full name, mailing address, affiliation, motivation [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/01/new-books-for-scr-review/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>San Marino Summer School on Social Cognition and Social Narrative</title>
		<description><![CDATA[APPLICATION DEADLINE 1 March 2008.  Please let your grad students know about this.
The European Science Foundation and the ESF project Consciousness in a Natural and Cultural Context is sponsoring a one-week interdisciplinary collegium/summer school on contemporary research in the area of social cognition, theory of mind, and narrative theory at the University of San [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/01/san-marino-summer-school-on-social-cognition-and-social-narrative/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>The Really Hard Problem: Meaning in a Material World</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Authored by Owen J. Flanagan
If consciousness is the &#8220;hard problem&#8221; in mind science&#8211;explaining how the amazing private world of consciousness emerges from neuronal activity&#8211;then the &#8220;really hard problem,&#8221; writes Owen Flanagan in this provocative book is explaining how meaning is possible in the material world. How can we make sense of the magic and mystery [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/01/the-really-hard-problem-meaning-in-a-material-world/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>Neuronal correlates of “free will” are associated with regional specialization in the human intrinsic/default network</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Ilan Goldberg, Shimon Ullman and Rafael Malach
In press article in Consciousness &#38; Cognition
Abstract: 
Recently, we proposed a fundamental subdivision of the human cortex into two complementary networks-an ‘‘extrinsic&#8221; one which deals with the external environment, and an ‘‘intrinsic&#8221; one which largely overlaps with the ‘‘default mode&#8221; system, and deals with internally oriented and endogenous mental processes. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/01/neuronal-correlates-of-%e2%80%9cfree-will%e2%80%9d-are-associated-with-regional-specialization-in-the-human-intrinsicdefault-network/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>Cheap drugs against aggression don&#8217;t work</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Study shows placebos as good as antipsychotics for the intellectually disabled.
Scientists have discovered that taking a sugar pill is more effective than routine medications in treating aggression in people with intellectual disabilities. Until now, patients with intellectual disabilities have been prescribed antipsychotic drugs — normally given to people with a psychiatric disease like schizophrenia — [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/01/cheap-drugs-against-aggression-dont-work/</link>
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		<title>Ageing makes the imagination wither</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Memory decline in old age may also mean a less vivid imagination. Stitching together personal details gets harder as we get older. Old age does more than stealthily steal away our most cherished memories: it also seems to diminish our ability to imagine things.
This finding, detailed in the January issue of the journal Psychological Science [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/01/ageing-makes-the-imagination-wither/</link>
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		<title>Decision making, impulsivity and time perception</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Time is an important dimension when individuals make decisions. Specifically, the time until a beneficial outcome can be received is viewed as a cost and is weighed against the benefits of the outcome.
We propose that impulsive individuals experience time differently, that is with a higher cost. Impulsive subjects, therefore, overestimate the duration of time intervals [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/01/decision-making-impulsivity-and-time-perception/</link>
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		<title>Altered emotional response in bipolar mania</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Psychiatric illnesses are often good models for testing the functional relationship between specific regions of the brain. At the same time, one may gain insight into the neurocognitive mechanisms behind a specific disease.
This is the case in a recently published study in Psychiatry Research by Foland et al.:
Evidence for deficient modulation of amygdala response by [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2008/01/altered-emotional-response-in-bipolar-mania/</link>
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		<title>Unconscious Perception: Adding a Dorsal Stream to IDA</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

Minds, Agents, and the Only Question That Matters:
For the past decade or more, my research team has pursued an understanding of how minds work, human minds, animal minds, and artificial minds. Minds? To us, a mind is a control structure for an autonomous agent. Autonomous agent? An autonomous agent (Franklin &#38; Graesser 1997) is a [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/12/unconscious-perception-adding-a-dorsal-stream-to-ida/</link>
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		<title>Personality &amp; Individual Differences &#8212; new issue</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of the journal Personality and Individual Differences (Volume 44, Issue 3) hosts a number of interesting articles including:

Trait-anxiety and repressors: Suppression of recall for aversive images
Pages 550-562
Douglas C. Johnson, Michelle Craske and Deane Aikins
Effects of neuroticism on depression and anxiety: Rumination as a possible mediator
Pages 574-584
Jeffrey Roelofs, Marcus Huibers, Frenk Peeters and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/12/personality-individual-differences-new-issue/</link>
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		<title>Cognition &amp; Emotion new issue</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Cognition &#38; Emotion is out, including articles on emotional memory and awareness, music and emotions, and anger-induction methods.
Cognition &#38; Emotion:  Volume 22 Issue 2 is now available online at informaworld (http://www.informaworld.com).
This new issue contains the following articles:
Emotional processing and emotional memory are modulated by interoceptive awareness
Authors: Olga Pollatos; Rainer Schandry
Clear [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/12/894/</link>
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		<title>Call for book reviewers</title>
		<description><![CDATA[SCR is expanding! We now call for people that are interested in reviewing books. Recently published and forthcoming books are often made available to SCR, and we have the opportunity to bring you the latest news on the consciousness book frontier.
There are two ways to suggest a book review. First, SCR will bring the latest [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/12/call-for-book-reviewers/</link>
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		<title>The trivial function of sleep</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Rest in poikilothermic animals is an adaptation of the organism to adjust to the geophysical cycles, a doubtless valuable function for all animals. In this review, we argue that the function of sleep could be trivial for mammals and birds because sleep does not provide additional advantages over simple rest. This conclusion can be reached [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/12/the-trivial-function-of-sleep/</link>
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		<title>Belief, disbelief and uncertainty activate distinct brain regions</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The capacity of the human mind to believe or disbelieve a statement is a powerful force for controlling both behavior and emotion, but the basis of these states in the brain is not yet understood. A new study found that belief, disbelief and uncertainty activate distinct regions of the brain, with belief/disbelief affecting areas associated [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/12/belief-disbelief-and-uncertainty-activate-distinct-brain-regions/</link>
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		<title>Neurons in the frontal lobe may be responsible for rational decision-making</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From physorg.com &#8212; You study the menu at a restaurant and decide to order the steak rather than the salmon. But when the waiter tells you about the lobster special, you decide lobster trumps steak. Without reconsidering the salmon, you place your order—all because of a trait called &#8220;transitivity.&#8221;
&#8220;Transitivity is the hallmark of rational economic [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/12/neurons-in-the-frontal-lobe-may-be-responsible-for-rational-decision-making/</link>
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		<title>Researchers can read thoughts to decipher what a person is actually seeing</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From physorg.com &#8212; Following ground-breaking research showing that neurons in the human brain respond in an abstract manner to particular individuals or objects, University of Leicester researchers have now discovered that, from the firing of this type of neuron, they can tell what a person is actually seeing.
The original research by Dr R Quian Quiroga, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/12/researchers-can-read-thoughts-to-decipher-what-a-person-is-actually-seeing/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>Are Humans Evolving Faster?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From physorg.com &#8211;  Researchers discovered genetic evidence that human evolution is speeding up &#8211; and has not halted or proceeded at a constant rate, as had been thought &#8211; indicating that humans on different continents are becoming increasingly different.
We used a new genomic technology to show that humans are evolving rapidly, and that the pace [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/12/are-humans-evolving-faster/</link>
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		<title>Subliminal smells bias perception about a person&#8217;s likeability</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From physorg.com &#8212; Anyone who has bonded with a puppy madly sniffing with affection gets an idea of how scents, most not apparent to humans, are critical to a dog&#8217;s appreciation of her two-legged friends. Now new research from Northwestern University suggests that humans also pick up infinitesimal scents that affect whether or not we [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/12/subliminal-smells-bias-perception-about-a-persons-likeability/</link>
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		<title>How emotions colour our perception of time</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Our sense of time is altered by our emotions to such an extent that time seems to fly when we are having fun and drags when we are bored. Recent studies using standardized emotional material provide a unique opportunity for understanding the neurocognitive mechanisms that underlie the effects of emotion on timing and time perception [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/12/how-emotions-colour-our-perception-of-time/</link>
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		<title>New issue: Emotion</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Emotion is now out, including articles on audition and time perception, distraction and emotional bias, mood and cognition, and emotioms over time. Here, we bring the table of contents.
 Emotion,  Volume 7, Issue 4
The detection of fear-relevant stimuli: Are guns noticed as quickly as snakes?


Fox, Elaine; Griggs, Laura; Mouchlianitis, Elias


Abstract
Permissions







Article abstract:
[Hide]






 [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/12/new-issue-emotion-2/</link>
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		<title>Subjective values</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Neuroimaging studies of decision-making have generally related neural activity to objective measures (such as reward magnitude, probability or delay), despite choice preferences being subjective. However, economic theories posit that decision-makers behave as though different options have different subjective values.
Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging to show that neural activity in several brain regions—particularly the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/12/subjective-values/</link>
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		<title>Social neuroeconomics: the neural circuitry of social preferences</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Combining the methods of neuroscience and economics generates powerful tools for studying the brain processes behind human social interaction. We argue that hedonic interpretations of theories of social preferences provide a useful framework that generates interesting predictions and helps interpret brain activations involved in altruistic, fair and trusting behaviors. These behaviors are consistently associated with [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/11/social-neuroeconomics-the-neural-circuitry-of-social-preferences/</link>
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		<title>Is Theory of Mind dependent on episodic memory?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[!-- 		@page { size: 21cm 29.7cm; margin: 2cm } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } 		H1 { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } 		H1.western { font-family: "Helvetica", sans-serif; font-size: 16pt } 		H1.cjk { font-family: "AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni"; font-size: 16pt } 		H1.ctl { font-family: "Lucidasans"; font-size: 16pt } 	-->

The latest issue of Science brings an article about the relationship [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/11/is-theory-of-mind-dependent-on-episodic-memory/</link>
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		<title>Morality starts young</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The key to successful social interactions is the ability to assess others&#8217; intentions — be they friend or foe. A new study in 6- and 10-month-old infants shows that humans engage in social evaluations even earlier than was thought, before they can use language. The infants could evaluate actors on the basis of their social [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/11/morality-starts-young/</link>
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		<title>Consciousness &amp; mind related articles in Psychological Science</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Psychological Science is out with a new issue that brings several articles relevant to the SCR audience. Here, we bring some selected abstracts.
Subliminal Smells Can Guide Social Preferences
It is widely accepted that unconscious processes can modulate judgments and behavior, but do such influences affect one&#8217;s daily interactions with other people? Given that olfactory information has [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/11/consciousness-mind-related-articles-in-psychological-science/</link>
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		<title>Toward a Science of Consciousness: 2008 Conference</title>
		<description><![CDATA[[ April 8, 2008 11:00 pm to April 12, 2008 11:00 pm. ] The eighth biennial Tucson conference, hosted by the Center for Consciousness Studies and the University of Arizona, continues an interdisciplinary tradition of intense, far-ranging and rigorous discussions on all approaches to the fundamental issue of how the brain produces conscious experience.

The conference will take place from April 8-12, 2008 at the Tucson Convention Center, Tucson, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/11/toward-a-science-of-consciousness-2008-conference/</link>
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		<title>APS 20th Annual Convention</title>
		<description><![CDATA[[ May 22, 2008 to May 25, 2008. ] 
The Association for Psychological Science (APS) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the advancement of scientific psychology and its representation.
From May 22-25,  2008, the Sheraton Chicago Hotel &#38; Towers will host thousands of psychological researchers as they converge for presentations by award-winning scientists and leaders across all areas of psychology.
For more information, please check [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/11/aps-20th-annual-convention/</link>
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		<title>15th Annual CNS meeting</title>
		<description><![CDATA[[ April 12, 2008 to April 15, 2008. ] This year marks the 15th anniversary of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society (CNS). Founded in 1994, CNS's mission was to provide its members with a forum to present posters, symposia and to engage in scientific discourse on the understanding of the nature of the mind. 15 years later, CNS's mission is the same and the Society [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/11/15th-annual-cns-meeting/</link>
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		<title>Call for papers: Psychophysiology &#8212; cognitive and affective processes</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Psychophysiology was the first journal dedicated to the publication of research on relationships between the physiological and psychological aspects of brain and behavior, and it remains the most well-established journal in this field. This prestigious international journal continues to play a key role in advancing psychophysiological science and human neuroscience. Psychophysiology reports on new theoretical, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/11/call-for-papers-psychophysiology-cognitive-and-affective-processes/</link>
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		<title>Measuring pain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Nature News features an article about a recent study relating pain intensity and EEG signals.
Recordings from electrodes in the human brain may offer the first objective way to measure the intensity of pain. Researchers say that they have found a neural signal that correlates with the amount of pain that an individual feels. The signal [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/11/measuring-pain/</link>
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		<title>Rare great ape fossil challenges theory of primate evolution</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From physorg.com: Archaeologists have discovered the ancient jawbone of what appears to be a new species of ape that was very close to the last common ancestor of gorillas, chimpanzees and humans, a study released Monday said. The 10-million year-old fossil, complete with 11 teeth, was recovered from volcanic mud deposits in Kenya&#8217;s Nakali region [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/11/rare-great-ape-fossil-challenges-theory-of-primate-evolution/</link>
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		<title>That friendly car is smiling at me: When products are perceived as people</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From physorg.com: A forthcoming study from the Journal of Consumer Research looks at how consumers anthropomorphize products, endowing a car or a pair of shoes with human characteristics and personalities. The researchers, from the University of Toronto and the University of Chicago, find that people are more likely to attribute human qualities or traits to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/11/that-friendly-car-is-smiling-at-me-when-products-are-perceived-as-people/</link>
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		<title>Contextualized Self-Representations in Adulthood</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Theorizing has focused on individuals&#8217; self-representations as a psychological resource for coping with life stress and developmental challenges in adulthood. Many of the prominent theories have conceptualized self-representations with regard to specific social contexts (e.g., role-specific self-representations) and have examined specific structural organizations of the self-concept with regard to psychological adjustment.
This article describes research on [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/11/contextualized-self-representations-in-adulthood/</link>
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		<title>Distance changes face perception?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[This is  probably one of the best illusions ever! Please do the following: look at the above images from your seat in front of the computer; Mr. Angry is on the left, and Ms.Calm is on the right. Now, get up from your seat, and move back 10 or 12 feet. Who&#8217;s the angry and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/11/distance-changes-face-perception/</link>
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		<title>Brain Chemicals Involved In Aggression Identified</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From ScienceDaily (Nov. 7, 2007) — School shootings. Muggings. Murder. Road rage. After decreasing for more than a decade, the rate of violent crime in the United States has begun to inch up again. According to the FBI&#8217;s Uniform Crime Reporting Program, violent crime rose 2.3 percent in 2005 and 1.9 percent in 2006, the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/11/brain-chemicals-involved-in-aggression-identified/</link>
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		<title>Decision-making special issue in Science:</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From Mind Hacks: This week&#8217;s Science has a special selection of papers on the psychology and neuroscience of decision making. While most of the articles are closed-access, one on how game theory and neuroscience are helping us understand social decision-making is freely available.
It is a great introduction to &#8216;neuroeconomics&#8217;, a field that attempts to work [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/11/decision-making-special-issue-in-science/</link>
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		<title>Brain conference 2008</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Combining the latest research foci and treatment modalities, the Second Annual International Brain Conference at UCF offers physicians, scientists, pharmaceuticals, medical device manufacturers, nurses, allied medical professionals and students the opportunity to learn about the absolute latest in brain research and practice.  Participants will also be able to earn Continuing Medical &#38; Psychological credits.
Held at [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/10/brain-conference-2008/</link>
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		<title>Psychic studies may be influenced by suggestion:</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From Mind hacks: The BPS Research Digest has discussed a recent study that analysed recordings of parapsychology experiments and has found that some of the positive findings may be due to experimenters unconsciously prompting the participants as they gave their answers.The experiments used the Ganzfeld technique where one participant has diffuse white light and auditory [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/10/psychic-studies-may-be-influenced-by-suggestion/</link>
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		<title>Dynamic neural correlates of consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[PLOS Biology has a most interesting article from Stanislas Dehaene&#8216;s group on the neurodynamics of conscious experience. The researchers studied brain activation using EEG, while subjects rated visually presented stimuli on a scale from unseen to clearly seen. It was found that conscious experience of a stimulus was related to the engagement of a widespread [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/10/843/</link>
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		<title>The neuropathic pain triad: neurons, immune cells and glia</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Joachim Scholz and Clifford J Woolf have a nice article in Nature Neuroscience on the biological causes of neuropathic pain. This includes (as the title goes) neurons, as well as immune cells and glia cells.
Abstract:
Nociceptive pain results from the detection of intense or noxious stimuli by specialized high-threshold sensory neurons (nociceptors), a transfer of action [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/10/the-neuropathic-pain-triad-neurons-immune-cells-and-glia/</link>
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		<title>Young minds &#8212; 3 papers</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The journal Cognitive Development has released its latest issue, with a few interesting titles.
Among these, we here present three titles with direct impact on the study of consciousness. These cover topics as self-regulation in pre-schoolers, decision making in adolescence, and impulsivity and control in childhood.

Cognitive and emotional aspects of self-regulation in preschoolers
The goal of the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/10/young-minds-3-papers/</link>
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		<title>New issue: Personality and Individual Differences</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of PID is out, including articles on borderline and self-regulation, black anti-white attitudes and personality, and stress reactions and personality.
 More&#8230;
 Personality and Individual Differences     Personality and Individual Differences
Volume 44, Issue 1, Pages 1-334 (January 2008)
1.     Editorial Board/Publication Information
Page IFC
2.     [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/10/new-issue-personality-and-individual-differences/</link>
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		<title>To determine election outcomes, study says snap judgments are sufficient</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A split-second glance at two candidates&#8217; faces is often enough to determine which one will win an election, according to a Princeton University study.
Princeton psychologist Alexander Todorov has demonstrated that quick facial judgments can accurately predict real-world election returns. Todorov has taken some of his previous research that showed that people unconsciously judge the competence [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/10/to-determine-election-outcomes-study-says-snap-judgments-are-sufficient/</link>
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		<title>The Feeling of Familiarity of Music and Odors: The Same Neural Signature?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The feeling of familiarity can be triggered by stimuli from all sensory modalities, suggesting a multimodal nature of its neural bases.
In the present experiment, we investigated this hypothesis by studying the neural bases of familiarity processing of odors and music. In particular, we focused on familiarity referring to the participants&#8217; life experience. Items were classified [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/10/the-feeling-of-familiarity-of-music-and-odors-the-same-neural-signature/</link>
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		<title>Empathy for Pain and Touch in the Human Somatosensory Cortex</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Although feeling pain and touch has long been considered inherently private, recent neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies hint at the social implications of this experience. Here we used somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) to investigate whether mere observation of painful and tactile stimuli delivered to a model would modulate neural activity in the somatic system of an onlooker.
Viewing [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/10/empathy-for-pain-and-touch-in-the-human-somatosensory-cortex/</link>
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		<title>Emotion and Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Edited by Lisa Feldman Barrett, Paula M. Niedenthal, Piotr Winkielman
Presenting state-of-the-art work on the conscious and unconscious processes involved in emotion, this integrative volume brings together leading psychologists, neuroscientists, and philosophers. Carefully organized, tightly edited chapters address such compelling questions as how bodily responses contribute to conscious experience, whether &#8220;unconscious emotion&#8221; exists, how affect is [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/10/emotion-and-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>Dream content: Individual and generic aspects</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Dream reports were collected from normal subjects in an effort to determine the degree to which dream reports can be used to identify individual dreamers. Judges were asked to group the reports by their authors. The judges scored the reports correctly at chance levels. This finding indicated that dreams may be at least as much [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/10/dream-content-individual-and-generic-aspects/</link>
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		<title>How Schizophrenia Develops: Major Clues Discovered</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Schizophrenia may occur, in part, because of a problem in an intermittent on/off switch for a gene involved in making a key chemical messenger in the brain, scientists have found in a study of human brain tissue. The researchers found that the gene is turned on at increasingly high rates during normal development of the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/10/how-schizophrenia-develops-major-clues-discovered/</link>
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		<title>Feeling Sleepy Is All In Your Genes</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Genes responsible for our 24 hour body clock influence not only the timing of sleep, but also appear to be central to the actual restorative process of sleep, according to research published in BMC Neuroscience. The study identified changes in the brain that lead to the increased desire and need for sleep during time spent [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/10/feeling-sleepy-is-all-in-your-genes/</link>
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		<title>Prefrontal decision making</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The role of the prefrontal cortex in decision making is today placed on a solid scientific foundation. But for the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMF), it is still uncertain whether it plays a role in decision making under uncertainty or whether it is a &#8220;pure&#8221; decision structure per se. In a paper by Fellows and Farah, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/10/prefrontal-decision-making/</link>
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		<title>Dreaming: New issue</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Dreaming is out, covering topics such as dreaming and physical health, insomnia and dream content, and personality types.
Volume 17, Issue 3 	 
The relationships between dream content and physical health, mood, and self-construal.


King, David B.; DeCicco, Teresa L.


Abstract
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Article abstract:
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 							 Research is presented that examines the relationship among dream content, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/10/dreaming-new-issue/</link>
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		<title>Brain stem may be key to consciousness:</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From MindHacks
An article in this week&#8217;s Science News discusses whether the brain stem may play a more central role in consciousness than it&#8217;s usually given credit for.
It focuses on children with hydranencephaly, a where the cortex fails to develop in children and instead, the space is filled with cerebral spinal fluid.
Typically, affected children survive only [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/09/brain-stem-may-be-key-to-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>Gorillas heads race to extinction</title>
		<description><![CDATA[According to the Red List of Threatened Species for 2007, gorillas, orangutans, and corals are among the plants and animals which are sliding closer to extinction. You can read more about this at BBC.
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		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/09/gorillas-heads-race-to-extinction/</link>
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		<title>The biology of sleep</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Medscape is running a special topic edition on the biology of sleep. The articles include papers on the management of insomnia; the relationship between passive sleeping and sleep disturbance during pregnancy; and the effects of hypothalamic stimulation on cluster headache and sleep.

Redefining the Management of Insomnia: Focus on the Biology of Sleep
David N. Neubauer, MD, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/09/the-biology-of-sleep/</link>
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		<title>Initiative: Decade of the Mind</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Dear all!
I would draw your attention to the letter  &#8216;A Proposal for a Decade of the Mind Initiative&#8216; by JAMES S. ALBUS, GEORGE A. BEKEY, JOHN H. HOLLAND, NANCY G. KANWISHER, JEFFREY L. KRICHMAR, MORTIMER MISHKIN, DHARMENDRA S. MODHA, MARCUS E. RAICHLE, GORDON M. SHEPHERD, GIULIO TONONI just now published in SCIENCE VOL 317 7 [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/09/initiative-decade-of-the-mind/</link>
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		<title>Science: special issue on social cognition</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Science is running a special edition on social cognition this week. It contains papers on the evolution of social cognition
Living in Societies &#8211; Caroline Ash, Gilbert Chin, Elizabeth Pennisi, and Andrew Sugden
All Together Now&#8211;Pull! &#8211; Greg Miller
Evolution in the Social Brain &#8211; R. I. M. Dunbar and Susanne Shultz
Social Components of Fitness in Primate Groups [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/09/science-special-issue-on-social-cognition/</link>
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		<title>Forgetting the fear</title>
		<description><![CDATA[There are some memories one would rather forget. This is especially true for people who suffer from phobias or from post-traumatic stress disorder. Some memories can decrease and even disappear through a process called extinction, but the mechanisms that are involved are not known. Tsai and colleagues now show that a molecular pathway in the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/09/forgetting-the-fear/</link>
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		<title>New insights into OCD</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common debilitating psychiatric disorder, yet the cause of OCD is unknown and few effective treatments are available. A recent study of mutant mice reveals a novel mechanism leading to OCD-like behaviors in mice and suggests potential new therapeutic strategies.
By Dr. Jing Lu and Dr. Guoping Feng, in Scitizen.com
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/09/new-insights-into-ocd/</link>
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		<title>Higher social skills are uniquely human</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new study published today in Science reports that humans have distinctive social skills. Esther Herrmann, lead author of the study, answers Scitizen&#8217;s questions.
Apes bite and try to break a tube to retrieve the food inside while children follow the experimenter&#8217;s example to get inside the tube to retrieve the prize, showing that even before [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/09/higher-social-skills-are-uniquely-human/</link>
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		<title>Birth and sleep content</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The conception and birth of a child are emotional events that influence the dreams of most new mothers. In a surprisingly high number of cases, this influence reflects negative aspects of maternal responsibility, depicting the new infant in dreamed situations of danger and provoking anxiety in the mother that often spills over into wakefulness. Furthermore, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/09/birth-and-sleep-content/</link>
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		<title>Psychiatrists the least religious</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In a recent survey of American physicians (see also here) it was found that the least religious of all medical specialties is psychiatry. It was also found that religious physicians, especially Protestants, are less likely to refer patients to psychiatrists, and more likely to send them to members of the clergy or religious counselors. As [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/09/psychiatrists-the-least-religious/</link>
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		<title>Final proof of role of neural coherence in consciousness?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Melloni et al. have recently demonstrated, in the Journal of Neuroscience, that neural synchrony in the gamma range between distal rain regions is important for conscious perception. The authors say about their work that &#8220;the access to conscious perception is the early transient global increase of phase synchrony of oscillatory activity in the gamma frequency [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/08/final-proof-of-role-of-neural-coherence-in-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>Nature Network group on consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Alfredo Pereira has initiated a Nature Network group on consciousness, termed Brain Physiology, Cognition and Consciousness. From the description of the group, we can read that:
This group is aimed at discussing recent findings about brain physiology and possible implications for the explanation of cognitive and conscious processing.
Our main topics include: Molecular Mechanisms: systems of transmitters, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/08/nature-network-group-on-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>SciVee &#8212; YouTube for scientists</title>
		<description><![CDATA[ A website being dubbed the YouTube for scientists has been launched, raising new hopes of bringing science closer to the  people. SciVee allows scientists to upload published papers, as well as a podcast presenting the paper. As the site is relatively new, content is still  fairly sparse. Those behind the initiative are [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/08/scivee-youtube-for-scientists/</link>
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		<title>Nature Neuroscience special issue</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Nature Neuroscience is running a  on emotions and disorders of emotion.
It includes papers on brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its role in depression and anxiety, the social learning of fear, and how the circuitry of mood and anxiety disorders can be altered.
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		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/08/nature-neuroscience-special-issue/</link>
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		<title>Get introduced to consciousness science now!</title>
		<description><![CDATA[It is now time for the annual and popular on-line introductory course to consciousness science. Professors Baars and McGovern will lead you through the basic steps in this field, highlight important topics and findings, and invite you to in-depth discussions. Click on the banner to go to the webcourse website.

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		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/08/get-introduced-to-consciousness-science-now/</link>
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		<title>Cognition &amp; Emotion &#8212; new issue</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Cognition &#38; Emotion is out, including articles on affective processing, affection as a form of cognition, and the interdependence of emotion and cognition.
Cognition &#38; Emotion, Volume 21 Issue 6 2007
How distinctive is affective processing? On the implications of using cognitive paradigms to study affect and emotion
Authors: Andreas B. Eder;  Bernhard [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/08/cognition-emotion-new-issue/</link>
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		<title>New books on consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[It&#8217;s been a while since we announced new books, but here we present some of the most recent titles that should grab your attention.

 The experimental phenomena of consciousness &#8211; a brief dictionary
Talis Bachmann, Bruno Breitmeyer, and Haluk Ogmen
Although it was treated respectfully by early researchers such as Wilhelm Wundt, William James, and Edward Titchener, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/08/new-books-on-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>Anhedonia &#8212; great intro and review at Medscape.com</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Medscape.com has a very nice article on anhedonia, which is described as &#8220;an inability to experience pleasure from normally pleasurable life events such as eating, exercise, and social or sexual interaction&#8221;. Here, we bring an excerpt from the article.
All currently marketed antidepressants are thought to work via monoaminergic mechanisms. The two most prevalent mechanisms are [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/08/ahedonia-great-intro-and-review-at-medscapecom/</link>
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		<title>Manipulating Bodily Self-Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Humans normally experience the conscious self as localized within their bodily borders. This spatial unity may break down in certain neurological conditions such as out-of-body experiences, leading to a striking disturbance of bodily self-consciousness.
On the basis of these clinical data, we designed an experiment that uses conflicting visual-somatosensory input in virtual reality to disrupt the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/08/manipulating-bodily-self-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>When the Need to Belong Goes Wrong</title>
		<description><![CDATA[When the Need to Belong Goes Wrong: The Expression of Social Anhedonia and Social Anxiety in Daily Life
People possess an innate need to belong that drives social interactions. Aberrations in the need to belong, such as social anhedonia and social anxiety, provide a point of entry for examining this need. The current study used experience-sampling [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/08/when-the-need-to-belong-goes-wrong/</link>
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		<title>Chimps hold out</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Researchers have found that chimps know how to distract themselves with play in order to ward off temptation.
Most children practice this mental trick: When asked to wait patiently for a promised treat&#8211;say, an hour of television&#8211;they occupy themselves with a toy or a book. Researchers have now shown that chimpanzees engage in similar self-distraction, a [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/08/chimps-hold-out/</link>
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		<title>Toddlers are capable of introspection</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Preschoolers are more introspective than we give them credit for, according to new research by Simona Ghetti, assistant professor of psychology at UC Davis.
 Ghetti and her co-investigator, Kristen Lyons, a graduate student in psychology at UC Davis, will present their findings Friday morning, Aug. 17, at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/08/toddlers-are-capable-of-introspection/</link>
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		<title>The benefits of deep-brain stimulation for a minimally conscious patient</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The benefits of deep-brain stimulation for a minimally conscious patient have recently been reported in the journal Nature (click here for the article), as presented in a previous SCR post by Thomas Ramsoy.  Here is another article on this same minimally conscious patient, whose identity remains undisclosed, written by Tom Valeo (image from the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/08/the-benefits-of-deep-brain-stimulation-for-a-minimally-conscious-patient/</link>
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		<title>Language and self-awareness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

A new study presents additional evidence for inner speech involvement in self-reflective activity. 
In my 2003 SCR paper &#8220;Inner speech and conscious experience&#8221; I put forward the notion that we most often need to talk to ourselves in order to understand who we are. That is, inner speech is frequently required to access self-information and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/08/language-and-self-awareness/</link>
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		<title>Ventromedial moral</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Does the ventromedial prefrontal cortex play a role in personal moral judgment? Medscape.com has a nice report on 7 patients with lesions in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex that find that &#8220;the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is necessary to oppose personal moral violations, possibly by mediating anticipatory, self-focused, emotional reactions that may exert strong influence on moral [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/08/ventromedial-moral/</link>
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		<title>Trating panic disorders &#8212; an update</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Psychotherapy and benzodiazepines have been reported as effective panic disorder treatments individually with different benefits and disadvantages. Does combining the therapies offer extra advantages? Medscap.com brings a report.

Combination of Psychotherapy and Benzodiazepines versus Either Therapy Alone for Panic Disorder: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Background: The efficacy of combined psychotherapy and benzodiazepine treatment for panic disorder is still [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/08/trating-panic-disorders-an-update/</link>
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		<title>Neurology: An awakening</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Neuroscientists and engineers are developing ways to help patients overcome paralysis and stroke. But what about mental function itself? Can medical intervention restore consciousness?
Nature runs a story on thalamic stimulation after severe stroke. Could this method be applied to help patients in coma or vegetative state regain their mental life?

Brain activity revived &#8211; Nature Editorial
At [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/08/neurology-an-awakening/</link>
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		<title>Psychological Science, new issue</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Psychological Science is now out, including papers on autistic intelligence, testosterone and conscious detection, self-reference in episodic memory, and the relationship between planning and perception.

Psychological Science
Volume 18, Issue 8, August 2007
RESEARCH REPORTS
The Level and Nature of Autistic Intelligence
Michelle Dawson, Isabelle Soulières, Morton Ann Gernsbacher, and Laurent Mottron
pages 657–662
Testosterone Reduces Conscious Detection [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/08/psychological-science-new-issue/</link>
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		<title>Online papers on consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[David Chalmers had compiled a directory of 2573 online papers on consciousness and related topics.  Most of these papers are by academic philosophers or scientists.  Click here to check out this great online resource.
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		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/07/online-papers-on-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>Attention and consciousness: two distinct brain processes</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Abstract of Attention and consciousness: two distinct brain processes, in TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences.
The close relationship between attention and consciousness has led many scholars to conflate these processes. This article summarizes psychophysical evidence, arguing that top-down attention and consciousness are distinct phenomena that need not occur together and that can be manipulated using distinct paradigms. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/07/attention-and-consciousness-two-distinct-brain-processes/</link>
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		<title>New issue: Dreaming</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Dreaming is out, including articles on emotion, culture, and the self. Here we bring the abstracts
Volume 17, Issue 2
Bicultural dreaming as an intersubjective communicative process.
Tedlock, Barbara
Research in the human sciences has undergone a radical shift in perspective from considering the world as a collection of objects (objectivity) or subjects (subjectivity) to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/07/new-issue-dreaming/</link>
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		<title></title>
		<description><![CDATA[On April 2nd Wiley-Blackwell celebrated the premiere issue of Mind, Brain, and Education with a reception at the Harvard Faculty Club in Cambridge, Massachusetts.During the celebration Kurt Fischer (Harvard University), Howard Gardner (Harvard University), Maryanne Wolf (Tufts University), and Stanislas Dehaene (Collège de France) discussed their recent findings regarding how brain science informs educational practice.
Now, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/06/753/</link>
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		<title>A review of Henry Stapp&#8217;s Mindful Universe: Quantum Mechanics and the Participating Observer</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
A review of Henry P. Stapp&#8217;s Mindful Universe: Quantum Mechanics and the Participating Observer
English, 198 pages
Springer; 1 edition (Jul  1 2007)
ISBN-10: 3540724133
ISBN-13: 978-3540724131
Henry Stapp is well known for his complex theoretical discourses on the nature of the mind and brain.  A distinguished quantum physicist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Stapp has been exploring [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/06/a-review-of-henry-stapps-mindful-universe-quantum-mechanics-and-the-participating-observer/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Phenomenology &amp; the Cognitive Sciences</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences is out with headlines such as

Mathematizing phenomenology
The phenomenology of agency and intention in the face of paralysis and insentience
Finding common ground between evolutionary biology and continental philosophy
The problems of consciousness and content in theories of perception

See the full TOC here.
]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/06/phenomenology-the-cognitive-sciences/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Validating neural correlates of familiarity</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Familiarity is a pervasive memory phenomenon that occurs in its most basic form when someone recognizes a repeated stimulus without recollecting other aspects of the requisite prior learning episode. Theoretical controversy currently abounds with respect to both the cognitive and neural characteristics of familiarity. Here, we show that the extant data, particularly brain-potential data, are [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/06/validating-neural-correlates-of-familiarity/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The human mirror system: A motor resonance theory of mind-reading</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Electrophysiological data confirm the existence of neurons that respond to both motor and sensory events in the macaque brain. These mirror neurons respond to execution and observation of goal-orientated actions. It has been suggested that they comprise a neural basis for encoding an internal representation of action. In this paper the evidence for a parallel [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/06/the-human-mirror-system-a-motor-resonance-theory-of-mind-reading/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>48th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society</title>
		<description><![CDATA[[ November 15, 2007 to November 18, 2007. ] The Psychonomic Society promotes the communication of scientific research in psychology and allied sciences.  The 48th Annual Meeting of the Society will be held at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Long Beach, California from November 15 - 18, 2007.

Click here to pre-register.  For more information, please check the conference website.]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/06/48th-annual-meeting-of-the-psychonomic-society/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>25 hottest articles per journal</title>
		<description><![CDATA[ScienceDirect is running a neat service. They provide regular updates on what articles are being most read (i.e., downloaded) from each journal. In this way, you can always have the finger on the pulse of your peers &#8212; and competitors &#8212; on what&#8217;s hot in your research field.
Here we provide the top 25 articles from [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/06/25-hottest-articles-per-journal/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Learning to pay attention</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By Rachel Jones
Our sensory system is constantly bombarded with inputs, but owing to the brain’s finite processing power, we are forced to pay attention to only a tiny proportion of these inputs at any given time. In a new study, Richard Davidson and colleagues report [in PLoS Biology] that intensive training in meditation can alter [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/06/learning-to-pay-attention/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Neural Mechanisms of Visual Attention: How Top-Down Feedback Highlights Relevant Locations</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Attention helps us process potentially important objects by selectively increasing the activity of sensory neurons that represent the relevant locations and features of our environment. This selection process requires top-down feedback about what is important in our environment. We investigated how parietal cortical output influences neural activity in early sensory areas. Neural recordings were made [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/06/neural-mechanisms-of-visual-attention-how-top-down-feedback-highlights-relevant-locations/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>TSC 2007 &#8212; registration</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The &#8220;Toward a Science of Consciousness 2007&#8243; international conference will be arranged in Budapest, Hungary, July 23-26, 2007.
Plenary talks by: Walter Freeman, Stuart Hameroff, Ivan Havel, Ilona Kovács, David Papineau, Karl Pribram, Petra Stoerig.
Workshops and concurrent sessions: Philosophy, Language and Consciousness, Machine Consciousness I-II, First Person Methods, Phenomenological Concepts, Neuroscience I-III, Psychophysiology, Concept of Consciousness [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/06/tsc-2007-registration/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The Experimental Phenomena of Consciousness: A Brief Dictionary</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Authored by Talis Bachmann, Bruno Breitmeyer, Haluk Ogmen
Experimental Phenomena of Consciousness is the definitive collection of consciousness phenomena in which awareness emerges as an experimental variable. With its comprehensive yet succinct entries, arranged alphabetically, this dictionary will be a valuable reference tool for libraries and researchers at all levels in psychology, neuroscience, and philosophy, who [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/06/the-experimental-phenomena-of-consciousness-a-brief-dictionary/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Visual hallucinations in brain recovery</title>
		<description><![CDATA[As if it was not bad enough to suffer from a brain injury following such as stroke, many sufferers of injury to visual areas also report experiences of hallucinations.
Interestingly, these reports should not necessarily be understood as the result of neuropathology or as unimportant symptoms, but rather as the result of functional reorganization &#8211; aka [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/06/visual-hallucinations-in-brain-recovery/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Latest articles on executive functions and will</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The scientific study of choice, aka decision making, willed action or executive functions, has provided plenty of new articles just during the past few weeks. Here we provide some of them.

Brain, emotion and decision making: the paradigmatic example of regret
Giorgio Coricelli, Raymond J. Dolan, and Angela Sirigu
Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Volume 11, Issue 6, June 2007, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/06/latest-articles-on-executive-functions-and-will/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>CSBBCS 17th Annual Meeting</title>
		<description><![CDATA[[ June 15, 2007 to June 17, 2007. ] The Canadian Society for Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Science (CSBBCS) is a non-profit organization whose primary function is to advance Canadian research in experimental psychology and behavioral neuroscience. The 17th annual meeting for the CSBBCS will be held at the University of Victoria, British Columbia from June 15-17, 2007. Online registration is available until June [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/06/csbbcs-17th-annual-meeting/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Early Neural Correlates of Conscious Somatosensory Perception</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Abstract of Early Neural Correlates of Conscious Somatosensory Perception, in the Journal of Neuroscience.
The cortical processing of consciously perceived and unperceived somatosensory stimuli is thought to be identical during the first 100 –120 ms after stimulus onset. Thereafter, the electrophysiological correlates of conscious perception have been shown to be reflected in the N1 component of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/06/early-neural-correlates-of-conscious-somatosensory-perception/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The 13th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping</title>
		<description><![CDATA[[ June 10, 2007 to June 14, 2007. ] The 13th annual meeting for the Organization of Human Brain Mapping will be held in Chicago, Illinois at the Sheraton Chicago Hotel &#38; Towers from June 10-14.
 
The purpose of the Organization is to advance the understanding of the anatomical and functional organization of the human brain and to bring together scientists of various backgrounds [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/06/the-13th-annual-meeting-of-the-organization-for-human-brain-mapping/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>2007 Annual Meeting for the Society for Philosophy and Psychology</title>
		<description><![CDATA[[ June 14, 2007 to June 17, 2007. ] The 2007 annual meeting for the Society for Philosophy and Psychology will take place from June 14-17.  It will be held on the Keele campus of York University in Toronto, Canada.

The stated purpose of the SPP is to promote interaction between philosophers, psychologists and other cognitive scientists on issues of common concern.

For more information [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/06/2007-annual-meeting-for-the-society-for-philosophy-and-psychology/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Narrative selves</title>
		<description><![CDATA[From MindHacks &#8212; Philosophy Now has an article on how the self might be based on our ability to create narratives.  The article looks at how the self has been related to our ability to make narratives out of the disconnected events in our lives, and particularly focuses on the theories of philosophers Alasdair [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/05/narrative-selves/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Does the brain show a lie?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Amanda lies flat on her back, clad in a steel blue hospital gown and an air of anticipation, as she is rolled headfirst into a beeping, 10-ton functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) unit. Once inside, the 20-something blonde uses a handheld device to respond to questions about the playing cards appearing on the screen at [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/05/does-the-brain-show-a-lie/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Visual hallucinations? Draw it!</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Visual (and other non-visual) hallucinations sometimes occur during epileptic seizures. A relatively straightforward but little used method to describe these experiences is to ask the sufferer to draw the hallucinations &#8212; even as they occur.
According to G.D. Schott, in an article in the latest issue of Brain, such descriptions not only not only serve as [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/05/visual-hallucinations-draw-it/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The unconscious motivator</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A study (PDF) recently reported in Science shows how unconsciously processed information about monetary rewards influences behaviour.
Furthermore, the researchers identify a basal forebrain region that specifically underpin this effect, thus operating as a functional node that drives reward-related behaviour without the need for conscious processing.
How the brain translates money into force: a neuroimaging study of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/05/the-unconscious-motivator/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Minds, brains and programs &#8212; Searle BBS draft</title>
		<description><![CDATA[An unedited penultimate draft of a BBS target article by John Searle is now available. It has been accepted for publication (Copyright 1980: Cambridge University Press U.K./U.S. &#8212; publication date provisional) and is currently being circulated for Open Peer Commentary. This preprint is for inspection only, to help prospective commentators decide whether or not they [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/05/minds-brains-and-programs-searle-bbs-draft/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The units of thought</title>
		<description><![CDATA[What is the nature of thought? And what is the resting state? Moshe Bar and colleagues argues in a new paper (PDF) in the journal Hippocampus that besides the long-held idea that associative processing provides the vehicle of thought, that &#8220;one primary outcome of associative processing is the generation of predictions, which approximate the immediately [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/05/the-units-of-thought/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Resting states in unconscious monkeys</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Nature has an interesting report from Marc Raichle&#8216;s laboratory that studies the resting states in monkeys. This study not only demonstrates that resting states occur in non-human primates, but that it is possible to find such activity during unconscious states.
The authors found three separate networks showing organized patterns of activity in anaesthetized monkeys. These systems [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/05/resting-states-in-unconscious-monkeys/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Smarter, sentient whales</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Recent studies have shown that the brains of sperm whales is second in size only to human (relative to body size). It is about 60% larger in absolute mass than that of an elephant. How this brain evolution has occurred is the topic of a most interesting article in PLoS Biology, authored by Lori Marino [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/05/smarter-sentient-whales/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Who&#8217;s superstitious?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[What makes some people supersticious, or believe in the paranormal? In the latest issue of the Journal of Research in Personality, researchers Marjaana Lindeman and Kia Aarnio from Helsinki, Finland, first set out by conceptually distinguishing between the concepts of superstition, magical beliefs and paranormal beliefs. All concepts are commonly identified as &#8220;a confusion of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/05/whos-supersticious/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Harmless Hallucinations in the Elderly</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
It can be very upsetting, but it may have a fairly mild medical origin: It is called Charles Bonnet Syndrome, and it was first reported 250 years ago, in 1760, by the Swiss philosopher Charles Bonnet (Plummer et al, 2007).When damage occurs to visual nerves in elderly people, they may &#8220;see&#8221; all sorts of things. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/05/harmless-hallucinations-in-the-elderly/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>ASSC 2007</title>
		<description><![CDATA[[ June 22, 2007 to June 25, 2007. ] The 11th annual meeting of the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness will take place between June 22nd and June 25th, 2007, at the Imperial Palace Hotel, Las Vegas.

ASSC11 will promote interdisciplinary dialogue in the scientific study of consciousness. ASSC members as well as non-members are encouraged to submit contributions that address current empirical [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/04/assc-2007/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Multiple priming routes</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Is it possible to have more than one priming effect at a time? According to a German research team, it is possible to have at least two simultaneous priming effects.

Unconscious priming according to multiple S-R rules.
Kiesel A, Kunde W, Hoffmann J
Cognition. 2006 Jun 28;
The present study investigated if unconscious primes can be processed according to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/04/multiple-priming-routes/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Sleep Protects Declarative Memories From Interference</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Declarative memories — memories for facts and events in time — become more resistant to interference during sleep, according to a study that will presented at the 59th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) in Boston, Massachusetts.
&#8220;We know that sleep helps boost memory for procedural tasks, such as learning a new piano [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/04/sleep-protects-declarative-memories-from-interference/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>What is the FACT?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The FACT refers to ‘The First Axiom of Consciousness and Thought’ – &#8216;If a thing is not alive, it cannot be conscious, nor can it think&#8217;, a lucid thought if ever one was expressed.  Dr. Endel Tulving wrote about the FACT in one of his earlier, tellingly animated tales that is now available online [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/04/what-is-the-fact/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>What is happening in the brain when our minds wander?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[ It seems like science still has a ways to go before this question can be answered, but scientists have already started the investigation.  In a recent study, Mason and colleagues used fMRI and thought sampling to study which areas of the brain show increased activations in one kind of situation where our minds [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/04/what-is-happening-in-the-brain-when-our-minds-wander/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Consciousness in the Single Neuron</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Are the contents of conscious perception tied to individual brain cells? Can we use single neurons to determine someone&#8217;s subjective experience? A recent studies published in PNAS suggests otherwise: there are no specialized neurons that carry information about what enters awareness and what not. If one holds the picture of a butterfly in front of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/04/consciousness-in-the-single-neuron/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Film &#8211; Victim of the Brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Victim of the Brain is a 1988 docudrama by Dutch director Piet Hoenderdos about &#8220;the ideas of Douglas Hofstadter&#8221;.  It features interviews with Douglas Hofstadter and Daniel Dennett.  It has never been online before, but is now available on Google Video.
]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/04/victim-of-the-brain-1988-docudrama/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Can blindsight lead to superior sight?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In a most interesting paper by Ceri Trevethan, Arash Sahraie and Larry Weiskrantz, it is suggested that blindsight patients are actually superior on certain visual stimulus detection tasks. In this paper, published in  Cognition, the authors also provide experimental evidence that this is indeed the case.
The study highlights the neural dynamics that take place [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/04/can-blindsight-lead-to-superior-sight/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>An artificial sixth sense</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Wired has a story about new sensory prosthetics giving people a sense of magnetic north, &#8220;tactile vision&#8221;, etc.  Subjects report that they even dream in their new senses.
Here is a piece from the article:
Direction isn&#8217;t something humans can detect innately. Some birds can, of course, and for them it&#8217;s no less important than taste [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/04/an-artificial-sixth-sense/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Ned Block paper, BBS call for commentators</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Ned Block is known for his suggestions that there are two aspects of consciousness and their neural underpinnings that need to be disentangled. In BBS, there is now an unedited and uncorrected final draft of a manuscript that, while being accepted for publication, it needs commentators, as is standard procedure in BBS. The paper is [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/04/ned-block-paper-bbs-call-for-commentators/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Startle reflex following subliminal images of fear and sex</title>
		<description><![CDATA[What happens if you are presented with subliminal stimuli that are normally associated with fear or sexual arousal? In a study published in Biological Psychiatry two Spanish researchers now document that both negative positive biologically relevant stimuli can be nonconsciously processed. Furthermore, it is thought that this mechanism is mediated by amygdala activation and that [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/04/startle-reflex-following-subliminal-images-of-fear-and-sex/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Event perceptions</title>
		<description><![CDATA[So how do we really experience the world around us, and events as they occur? As discrete units of experiences or as one flow of experience. In a recent paper in Psychologial Bulletin authors Jeffrey Sacks and colleagues suggest that we perceive and conceive of activity in terms of discrete events, and that the perception [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/04/event-perceptions/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Emotion</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Emotion is out, containing articles on topics including:

emotion inference
emotional competence in childhood
chimp facial expressions


Emotion
Volume 7, Issue 1,  Pages 1-225 (February 2007)
1.     The Process of Emotion Inference
Matthias Siemer and Rainer Reisenzein
2.     Getting From Situations to Emotions: Appraisal and Other Routes
Brian Parkinson
3.     Emotions and Appraisals: Can You Have One Without [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/04/emotion-2/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>What is the relation between emotion and consciousness?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[What is the relation between emotion and consciousness? In their recent paper in TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences, Tsuchiya and Adolphs review recent studies that address this question. 
Focusing on domains where emotion and consciousness overlap and interact, Tsuchiya and Adolphs suggest that each (emotion and consciousness) is necessary for aspects of the other.  They follow the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/04/what-is-the-relation-between-emotion-and-consciousness/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Studying the wandering mind</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Do your thoughts stray from your work or studies? Do you catch yourself making to-do lists when your attention should be elsewhere? Welcome to the club.
College students reported mind-wandering almost one-third of the time in their daily lives, according to a new study led by faculty and graduate students at The University of North Carolina [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/03/studying-the-wandering-mind/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Why We Give In To Temptation</title>
		<description><![CDATA[We&#8217;ve all had our moments of weakness when trying to control ourselves; eating that donut on your diet, losing your temper with your kids, becoming upset when you&#8217;re doing your best not to. It isn&#8217;t like we plan on these lapses in judgment. It&#8217;s more like they just sort of happen.
There is scientific evidence that [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/03/why-we-give-in-to-temptation/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Beliefs about the rigidity of personality</title>
		<description><![CDATA[How do people reason about personality, and how people change or stay the same over time? In a study by Nick Haslam and colleagues lay theories of personality over time was explored. Among other things the researchers found that beliefs about normative personality change generally corresponded to research evidence on adult trajectories of the Big [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/03/beliefs-about-the-rigidity-of-personality/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>ASSC &#8212; call for abstracts</title>
		<description><![CDATA[ASSC promotes interdisciplinary dialogue in the scientific study of consciousness. This year&#8217;s conference will not disappoint, with numerous exciting events and symposia that will bring you up-to-date with the cutting-edge discoveries in the field!
The 11th annual meeting will be held from June 22nd to June 25th, 2007 in LAS VEGAS, Nevada (Imperial Palace Hotel).
DO NOT [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/03/assc-call-for-abstracts/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Use of Virtual Reality in an fMRI study of mentalizing</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Mentalizing that takes place in real-life situations is obviously much more dynamic and complex Mentalizing (or Theory-of-Mind) is the ability to imagine what other people might be thinking or feeling. It allows us to predict others’ behavior and thus serves an important survival function. Mentalizing most probably depends on self-awareness: we first need to know [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/03/use-of-virtual-reality-in-an-fmri-study-of-mentalizing/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>ASSC eprint archive</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Scientists active in the field may already know about the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness&#8216; eprint archive, but we haven&#8217;t mentioned it on SCR before and it was high-time we did.  Check out the archive for a growing collection of fulltext academic papers on the scientific study of consciousness.
]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/03/assc-eprint-archive/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Altruistic punishment</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Why do we punish others? And why do we punish when it is personally costly? In a recent review in Nature Review Neuroscience Ben Seymour and colleagues discuss the neurobiology of punishment. 
The neurobiology of punishment
Ben Seymour, Tania Singer and Ray Dolan
Abstract
Animals, in particular humans, frequently punish other individuals who behave negatively or uncooperatively towards [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/03/altruistic-punishment/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>They love to make you mad</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Some people find angry looks from others so rewarding they go out of their way to encourage them, Michigan researchers said.
&#8220;It&#8217;s kind of striking that an angry facial expression is consciously valued as a very negative signal by almost everyone, yet at a non-conscious level can be like a tasty morsel that some people will [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/03/they-love-to-make-you-mad/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Emotion</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Emotion is out, including articles on:

 emotion inference
appraisals
emotional competence in children
multimodal expression of emotion


Emotion
Volume 7, Issue 1
The Process of Emotion Inference.
Siemer, Matthias; Reisenzein, Rainer
Three experiments investigated the process of inferring emotions from brief descriptions of typical eliciting situations, using response time methodology. The initial hypothesis was that emotion inferences are mediated [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/03/emotion/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>On the (sound) track of anesthetics</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Danish scientists challenge the accepted scientific views of how nerves function and of how anesthetics work. Their research suggests that action of nerves is based on sound pulses and that anesthetics inhibit their transmission.
Every medical and biological textbook says that nerves function by sending electrical impulses along their length. &#8220;But for us as physicists, this [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/03/on-the-sound-track-of-anesthetics/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The Science of Consciousness: Where It is and Where It Should Be</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

A review of Antti Revonsuo&#8217;s Inner Presence: Consciousness as a Biological Phenomenon
7 x 9, 440 pp., 30 illus.
MIT Press
ISBN 0-262-18249-1
This excellent book is aptly titled. It presents a closely argued analysis of the current state of consciousness studies and suggests a strategy of investigation, which the author believes is necessary to establish a robust science [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/03/the-science-of-consciousness-where-it-is-and-where/</link>
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		<title>Can we improve mind reading?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Is it possible to improve our ability to read other&#8217;s minds? In the case of mind-reading disabilities such as that found in autism spectrum disorder, it has been suggested that it is possible to train patients to become better at reading other&#8217;s minds.
What, then about pharmacological interventions? Is there an &#8220;empathy drug&#8221; that makes us [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/03/can-we-improve-mind-reading/</link>
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		<title>Scientists Try to Predict Intentions</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In case you didn&#8217;t hear about it there are recent claims that brain scanners can predict people&#8217;s action before they act. Here is a report from Associated Press.
At a laboratory in Germany, volunteers slide into a donut-shaped MRI machine and perform simple tasks, such as deciding whether to add or subtract two numbers, or choosing [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/03/scientists-try-to-predict-intentions/</link>
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		<title>Out-of-body experiences may be caused by arousal system disturbances in brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Near death, sleep-wake transition have same likelihood of correlating to out-of-body experiences
Having an out-of-body experience may seem far-fetched to some, but for those with arousal system disturbances in their brains, it may not be a far off idea that they could sense they were really outside their own body watching themselves. In previous studies of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/03/out-of-body-experiences-may-be-caused-by-arousal-system-disturbances-in-brain/</link>
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		<title>Bipolar depression &#8212; treatment and perils</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Why is it seemingly more difficult to treat bipolar depression than bipolar mania? Why does it seem so hard to get the FDA to approve medications for bipolar depression? Medscape brings the latest news.
 An interview with Mark Frye
Question
Why is it seemingly more difficult to treat bipolar depression than bipolar mania? Are there suspected neurobiological [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/03/bipolar-depression-treatment-and-perils/</link>
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		<title>Scrub-jays plan for the future</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A recent paper in Nature, which came out of Nicky Clayton’s lab at the University of Cambridge, reports on the ability of western scrub-jays to plan for the future.  The findings of this paper, by Raby et al., suggest that scrub-jays can (and do!) plan for the following day without reference to their current [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/03/scrub-jays-plan-for-the-future/</link>
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		<title>Biological Psychiatry &#8212; Special issue on autism</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The journal Biological Psychiatry has a special issue on the autism spectrum, its diagnosis and treatment.
It is a comprehensive yet diverse collection of multidisciplinary treatment of the issue, containing articles onautism and  phenotypic homogeneity; cortical layering and thickness; cortical dysfunction; executive function and gaze fixation.

Biological Psychiatry
Volume 61, Issue 4, Pages A1-A10, 427-576 (15 February [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/02/biological-psychiatry-special-issue-on-autism/</link>
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		<title>The potential role of the parietal lobe in episodic memory and other cognitive functions</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

Although episodic memory has commonly been thought to depend on the medial temporal lobe (MTL)  and frontal cortex (FC)  (refer to Box 1), imaging studies have also consistently demonstrated activations in an additional region, the parietal lobe (PL), during episodic memory retrieval (Cabeza &#038; Nyberg, 2000; Naghavi &#038; Nyberg, 2005; Wagner et al., [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/02/the-potential-role-of-the-parietal-lobe-in-episodic-memory-and-other-cognitive-functions/</link>
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		<title>Cognition &amp; Emotion – latest issue</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Cognition &#038; Emotion is out.
Articles include the following topics:

emotional awareness
response inhibition
conditioning

Click through for the TOC and links. Cognition &#038; Emotion
Volume 21 Issue 2
1)  The influence of the fear facial expression on prosocial responding
2)  Does happiness function like a motivational state?
3)  Emotional awareness, gender, and suspiciousness
4)  Evaluative conditioning [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/02/cognition-emotion-%e2%80%93-latest-issue/</link>
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		<title>The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Edited by Max Velmans, Susan L. Schneider

The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness is the most thorough and comprehensive survey of contemporary scientific research and philosophical thought on consciousness currently available. Extensively peer reviewed, its 55 newly commissioned chapters combine state of the art surveys with cutting-edge research. Taken as a whole, these essays by leading lights [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/02/the-blackwell-companion-to-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>Patients with hippocampal amnesia cannot imagine new experiences</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Adding to the recent surge of studies on future thinking, Hassabis and colleagues recently reported the results they obtained from testing amnesic patients with bilateral hippocampal damage.  Compared to healthy control participants, who were matched for age, education and IQ, the amnesic group tested in this study demonstrated impairment on a task that required [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/02/patients-with-hippocampal-amnesia-cannot-imagine-new-experiences/</link>
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		<title>The Medial Temporal Lobe Distinguishes Old from New Independently of Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[There is an interesting paper, The Medial Temporal Lobe Distinguishes Old from New Independently of Consciousness in The Journal of Neuroscience. The novel part is that the MTL novelty distinction can operate at an unconscious level. From one perspective the MTL is traditionally thought to be part of a declarative memory system, suggesting that a [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/02/the-medial-temporal-lobe-distinguishes-old-from-new-independently-of-consciousness-2/</link>
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		<title>Pain in the brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Pain is one of the most prominent examples of the problem of consciousness: from a subjective point of view we know the experience of pain all too well. Seen from the objective side of pain, the neural processes related to pain are becoming unravelled. But the essential relationship between neural processes going on from the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/02/pain-in-the-brain/</link>
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		<title>How the brain becomes aware of errors</title>
		<description><![CDATA[For a long time psychologists have devised methods to make people erroneous on a task. A well-known example is the Stroop effect, a demonstration of interference in the reaction time of a task. When a word such as blue, green, red, etc. is printed in a colour differing from the colour expressed by the word&#8217;s [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/02/how-the-brain-becomes-aware-of-errors/</link>
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		<title>Multiple Dimensions Shape Our Perception Of Mind</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Multiple Dimensions Shape Our Perception Of Mind, Harvard Study Suggests
Through an online survey of more than 2,000 people, psychologists at Harvard University have found that we perceive the minds of others along two distinct dimensions: agency, an individual&#8217;s ability for self-control, morality and planning; and experience, the capacity to feel sensations such as hunger, fear [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/02/multiple-dimensions-shape-our-perception-of-mind/</link>
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		<title>Prosthetic arm with a feel</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Surgeons have managed to give an amputee not only a prosthetic arm that moves as directed by her thoughts, but also the feeling of touch — albeit in the wrong part of her body.
When Claudia Mitchell presses an area on her chest, where surgeons re-wired the nerves that used to run to her hand, it [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/02/prosthetic-arm-with-a-feel/</link>
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		<title>On becoming aware of what you eat</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A recent review article explores how we become aware of the (integrated) flavor of food. Abstract: In recent years, progress has been made understanding the neural correlates of consciousness. Experimental and computational data have been largely based on the visual system. Contemporary neurobiological frameworks of consciousness are reviewed, concluding that neural reverberation among forward- and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/02/on-becoming-aware-of-what-you-eat/</link>
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		<title>Shopping Centers in the Brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

That is Alain Dagher&#8217;s clever name for brain centers involved in buying decisions (2007). If you&#8217;ve had that urge to buy something, but then decided it was too expensive, or you already had too many CDs with that particular rock band, you&#8217;ve had the experience. The question is: What brain regions are involved? Do they [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/02/shopping-centers-in-the-brain/</link>
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		<title>What do we hear with our eyes?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Would we hear things differently if we always kept our eyes closed?  The answer is yes! The McGurk Effect is a classic illustration of how the spoken sounds we hear are influenced by whether or not we can see the speaker’s lips.
Click here for a great online example of the McGurk Effect.  In [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/02/what-do-we-hear-with-our-eyes/</link>
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		<title>The Mystery of Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[There is an interesting article in TIME, by Steven Pinker, about the study of consciousness.  From the article:
As every student in Philosophy 101 learns, nothing can force me to believe that anyone except me is conscious. This power to deny that other people have feelings is not just an academic exercise but an all-too-common [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/01/the-mystery-of-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>Video: A patient who was stuck in a minimally conscious state for 20 years</title>
		<description><![CDATA[TIME and CNN present an interesting video on Sarah Scantlin, a patient who suffers from severe brain damage.  After being stuck in what was thought to be a vegetative state for 20 years, Sarah has recently regained her ability to speak.  Scientists now think that Sarah was in a minimally conscious state, described [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/01/video-a-patient-who-was-stuck-in-a-minimally-conscious-state-for-20-years/</link>
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		<title>Philosophy of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Biology</title>
		<description><![CDATA[[ March 27, 2007; ] Following the success of PPNB 2005 in Oxford, the CONTACT project is hosting PPNB 2007 in Bristol and PPNB 2008 in Edinburgh.

We aim to bring together young researchers interested in mind-world relations, to address philosophical issues raised by empirical work in psychology, neuroscience, biology, and other life sciences.  Relevant topics include:  consciousness, perception, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/01/conference-philosophy-of-psychology-neuroscience-and-biology/</link>
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		<title>The Multi-Source Interference Task</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Abstract of The Multi-Source Interference Task: an fMRI task that reliably activates the cingulo-frontal-parietal cognitive/attention network, in Nature.
In this protocol we describe how to perform the Multi-Source Interference Task (MSIT), a validated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task that reliably and robustly activates the cingulo-frontal-parietal cognitive/attention network (CFP network) within individual subjects. The MSIT can [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/01/the-multi-source-interference-task-an-fmri-task-that-reliably-activates-the-cingulo-frontal-parietal-cognitiveattention-network/</link>
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		<title>Self-projection and the brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Abstract of Self-projection and the brain, in Trends in Cognitive Science:
When thinking about the future or the upcoming actions of another person, we mentally project ourselves into that alternative situation. Accumulating data suggest that envisioning the future (prospection), remembering the past, conceiving the viewpoint of others (theory of mind) and possibly some forms of navigation [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/01/self-projection-and-the-brain/</link>
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		<title>Jane Goodall Podcast</title>
		<description><![CDATA[ABC Radio National in Australia has an excellent podcast on a talk by Jane Goodall , an English primatologist, ethologist and anthropologist, who is well known for conducting a forty-five year study of chimpanzee social and family life.
In her talk, Goodall addresses the issue of animal personality and animal minds. It is a powerful reminder [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/01/jane-goodall-podcast/</link>
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		<title>A Neurobiology of Sensitivity? Sentience as the Foundation for Unusual Conscious Perception</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Consider the following scenario. A man – let’s call him Todd – is beset by what he calls ‘visions’ over a nearly 24-hour period. He sees a figure struggling at the bottom of a ravine, fighting for life. The visions are clearly not dreams, nor are they part of normal wakeful awareness. Todd does his [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/01/a-neurobiology-of-sensitivity-sentience-as-the-foundation-for-unusual-conscious-perception/</link>
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		<title>Video-Articles: Call for Submissions</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Dear Scientist,
I invite you to submit a video-article on your experiments to the Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).
JoVE is a newly founded journal devoted to visualized (video-based) publication of biological research. The video-based publication format allows for an explicit demonstration of how experiments are performed, as compared to traditional print publications. Publishing in JoVE provides [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/01/video-articles-call-for-submissions/</link>
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		<title>Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Creativity</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Abstract from the Journal of Personality:

Three studies examined the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and emotional creativity (EC) and whether each construct was predictive of creative behavior. It was hypothesized that the relationship between EI and EC corresponds to the relationship between cognitive intelligence and creative ability. Therefore, EI and EC were expected to be [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/01/emotional-intelligence-and-emotional-creativity/</link>
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		<title>Perception and misperception of bias in human judgment</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Abstract of Perception and misperception of bias in human judgment, in Trends in Cognitive Science:
Human judgment and decision making is distorted by an array of cognitive, perceptual and motivational biases. Recent evidence suggests that people tend to recognize (and even overestimate) the operation of bias in human judgment &#8211; except when that bias is their [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/01/perception-and-misperception-of-bias-in-human-judgment/</link>
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		<title>Trusting your instincts</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A University College London study has found that you are more likely to perform well if you do not think too hard and instead trust your instincts. The paper, published online in the journal Current Biology, shows that, in some cases, instinctive snap decisions are more reliable than decisions taken using higher-level cognitive processes.
Participants, who [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/01/trusting-your-instincts/</link>
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		<title>Center for Naturalism &#8212; latest Newsletter</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The January-February newsletter from the Center for Naturalism is out.  It contains topics such as:

Science and Solidarity &#8211; The threat of global warming presents an opportunity for global solidarity against a common enemy. Will we rise to the occasion?
The Neuroscience of Moral Decision-Making &#8211; talk at Harvard by neurophilosopher Joshua Greene, precis and commentary here.
Soul [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/01/center-for-naturalism-latest-newsletter/</link>
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		<title>The Illusion Contest 2007 &#8212; submissions</title>
		<description><![CDATA[It&#8217;s time for this year&#8217;s Illusion Contest.
The 2007 Contest Gala will be held in Sarasota, Florida (Van Wezel Performing Arts Hall) on Saturday, May 12th, 2007, during the week of the Vision Sciences Society (VSS) conference.
The 2006 annual contest, also held in Sarasota, Florida, was a huge success, which drew numerous accolades from attendees as [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/01/the-illusion-contest-2007-submissions/</link>
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		<title>Cerebellum on emotions</title>
		<description><![CDATA[When the neuro-talk falls on emotions, most start thinking about the amygdala. Little do we associate with that hind-brain structure we call the cerebellum. Although it is known that this structure is involved in more than movements, little is really known about it&#8217;s cognitive functions, let alone in emotions.
In an article by Turner et al. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/01/cerebellum-on-emotions/</link>
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		<title>Memory for what, where, when and who in nonhuman animals</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Can birds remember who watched them do what, as well as when and where?
Scrub jays have already been demonstrated to encode the “what-where-when” (what happened, where it happened and when it happened) of specific caching episodes (Clayton, N.S. &#038; Dickenson, A., 1998). It has even been shown that scrub jays, when observed caching food, re-cache [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/01/can-nonhuman-animals-discriminate-between-individuals-with-different-knowledge-states/</link>
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		<title>Mind Hacks</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Tips &#038; Tools for Using Your Brain (Hacks) 
by Tom Stafford, Matt Webb
The brain is a fearsomely complex information-processing environment&#8211;one that often eludes our ability to understand it. At any given time, the brain is collecting, filtering, and analyzing information and, in response, performing countless intricate processes, some of which are automatic, some voluntary, some [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/01/mind-hacks/</link>
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		<title>Are memory errors adaptive?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Are memory errors really a bad thing? Could they actually reflect processes that are adaptive for our existence? Schacter and Addis discuss this interesting idea in an essay on constructive memory. (Continue reading for a passage from the essay.)

From the essay:
As Yadin Dudai and Mary Carruthers have discussed (Nature 434, 567; 2005), people draw on [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/01/are-memory-errors-adaptive/</link>
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		<title>Welcome back to SCR</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Science &#038; Consciousness Review is now moving from the testing phase to a full implementation, with articles, regular headlines and more stuff added in general.
We are also accepting manuscripts and suggestions in general for our content. Please also send us your information about conferences, workshops and the like, pertaining to the study of consciousness.
We are [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/01/welcome-back-to-scr/</link>
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		<title>Which brain regions enable us to remember our past and anticipate our future?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
In our minds, we often relive past events and contemplate possible future scenarios. This ability to mental time travel (MTT) into the past (episodic remembering) and future (pre-experiencing) is, arguably, an ability that is unique to humans. Non-human species clearly possess memory, which is necessary for the past-oriented component of MTT (episodic remembering). Some memory [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/01/which-brain-regions-enable-us-to-remember-our-past-and-anticipate-our-future/</link>
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		<title>Time and memory</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Issues in Philosophy and Psychology (Consciousness and Self-Consciousness Series, 1) 
by Christoph Hoerl (Editor), Teresa McCormack (Editor)
The capacity to represent and think about time is one of the most fundamental and least understood aspects of human cognition and consciousness. This book throws new light on central issues in the study of the mind by uniting, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2007/01/time-and-memory/</link>
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		<title>Conscious and nonconscious memory related brain activity</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Are conscious and nonconscious processes supported by overlapping brain regions?  In a recent study, Slotnick and Schacter investigated whether activity, related to visual memory, in early visual regions (BA17 and BA18) is reflective of nonconscious processing.  The results of their study suggest that early visual regions (BA17, BA18) are associated with nonconcsious memory, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/conscious-and-nonconscious-memory-related-brain-activity/</link>
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		<title>Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences &#8212; latest issue</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences is out.
Articles include topics such as

introspective reports
perception and action
evolutionary autonomous agents

We here bring the TOCs and links

Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences
Volume 5 Number 3-4

Describing one’s subjective experience in the second person: An interview method for the science of consciousness
The Descriptive Experience Sampling method
Perception and action: On [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/phenomenology-and-the-cognitive-siences-latest-issue/</link>
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		<title>Motivation and Emotion &#8212; Special issue</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The latest issue of Motivation and Emotion is a special issue on antonomy, volitional motivation and wellness.
The TOC includes:

goal motives and well-being
autonomy and nondefensiveness
Motivational Predictors of Change in Oral Health.


Volume 30, Number 4 / December, 2006
Thematic Issue: Autonomy, Volitional Motivation, and Wellness
Goal Motives, Well-Being, and Physical Health: Happiness and Self-Realization as Psychological Resources Under Challenge
Autonomy [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/motivation-and-emotion-special-issue/</link>
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		<title>Visuo-spatial consciousness and parieto-occipital EEGs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Which brain areas are involved in visuospatial consciousness? In a recent study by Babiloni and colleagues, subjects performed a visual perception task. Interestingly, these scientists found that visual-evoked potentials at parieto-occipital areas had the same peak latencies for cases of conscious, as well as unconscious, perception. These visual-evoked potentials were located to the occipital (BA [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/visuo-spatial-consciousness-and-parieto-occipital-eegs/</link>
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		<title>The effort-decision brain circuitry</title>
		<description><![CDATA[What are the brain areas responsible for decision making? And is there a difference between easy and hard decisions? In an article in Cerebral Cortex, researchers find that amygdala and prefrontal cortex form an interconnected neural circuit that may mediate effortful decision-making.  Click through for abstract. HubMed.

Amygdala-Prefrontal Cortical Circuitry Regulates Effort-Based Decision Making.
Floresco SB, Ghods-Sharifi [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/the-effort-decision-brain-circuitry/</link>
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		<title>Genetic Mechanism Helps Explain Chronic Pain Disorders</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have discovered that commonly occurring variations of a gene trigger a domino effect in chronic pain disorders. The finding might lead to more effective treatments for temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD) and other chronic pain conditions.
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme that metabolizes neurotransmitters such as epinephrine, norepinephrine [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/genetic-mechanism-helps-explain-chronic-pain-disorders/</link>
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		<title>Journal of Phenomenological Psychology: New issues</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Did you know that there is a journal that seeks to combine phenomenology and psychology? Phenomenology is, among other things, described as &#8220;an approach to philosophy that takes intuitive experience of phenomena (what presents itself to us in phenomenological reflexion) as its starting point and tries to extract from it the essential features of experiences [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/journal-of-phenomenological-psychology-new-issues/</link>
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		<title>Inducing a dreamy state</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Brain stimulation provides an interesting tool to study the functions of a given area of the brain. In a study by Vignal et al. published in Brain, artificial stimulation or seizures in specific mesial temporal lobe structures were assessed both in terms of location and phenomenology.
Among the findings, the researchers found that &#8220;Forty-five per cent [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/inducing-a-dreamy-state/</link>
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		<title>Personality and Individual Differences: new issue</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Personality and Individual Differences is out.  It includes articles on

self-injury in female vs. male psychiatric patients
self-monitoring style and suggestibility
thought suppression
memory distortions in self-enhancers.

Personality and Individual Differences
Volume 42, Issue 4,  Pages 609-810 (March 2007)
Self-injury in female versus male psychiatric patients: A comparison of characteristics, psychopathology and aggression regulation
Laurence Claes, Walter [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/personality-and-individual-differences-new-issue/</link>
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		<title>Functional neuroimaging in unconscious states</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Steven Laureys and colleagues ask whether functional imaging methods such as fMRI and PET can be used to detect consciousness in individual patients.  Recent studies have showed activation patterns in a vegetative patient that are comparable to helahty subjects. One pertinent question is therefore whether we can move from group studies towards individual scans. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/functional-neuroimaging-in-unconscious-states/</link>
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		<title>New issue of Psyche: Rosenberg</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Psyche is out, focusing on the work of Gregg Rosenberg. It is a special issue focusing on consciousness, causation and the links to the physical structure of the brain.
Rosenberg has a page about the book, with several of the key chapters available online.
In fact, for those wanting a quick overview of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/new-issue-of-psyche-rosenberg/</link>
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		<title>The mutation that takes away pain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Imagine being unable to feel any pain at all. For a tiny handful of people, that is the reality — and medical researchers have now pinpointed the mutation that removes their ability to perceive painful sensations.The study began when doctors in northern Pakistan examined a remarkable group of related families in which several individuals seem [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/the-mutation-that-takes-away-pain/</link>
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		<title>New issue of Cognition &amp; Emotion</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Cognition &#038; Emotion is out. It contains articles on emotionally evocative music, emotional intelligence, and gender-by-race emotional differences.



Editorial
p. 1


Jan De Houwer, Dirk Hermans





Play it again Sam: Repeated exposure to emotionally evocative music polarises liking and smiling responses, and influences other affective reports, facial EMG, and heart rate
p. 3


Charlotte V. O. Witvliet, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/new-issue-of-cognition-emotion/</link>
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		<title>What was the hobbit?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[PloS Biology has a very nice feature article on the &#8220;hobbit&#8221;, aka Homo floresiensis.
From the article:
Who—or what—is Homo floresiensis? The tiny hominid bones, which a joint Australian-Indonesian team unearthed in 2003 on the Indonesian island of Flores, have quickly become as celebrated (and derided) as any find in the tempestuous history of human paleontology. The [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/what-was-the-hobbit/</link>
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		<title>The impact of invisible stimuli</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
The more clear a stimulus is, the more distracting it can be. Or so you might think. In a recent Science publiation Tsushima et al. report that weak stimuli that are irrelevant to the task being performed—have
a greater impact than strong, easily noticeable distractors.From Science:
The authors used a rapid visual presentation task in which healthy [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/the-impact-of-invisible-stimuli/</link>
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		<title>The rosetta stone of the human mind</title>
		<description><![CDATA[ Three languages to integrate neurobiology and psychology
Vincenzo R. Sanguineti
The study of the brain-mind complex has been hampered by the dichotomy between objective biological neuroscience and subjective psychological science, based on speculative topographic models and psychodynamics formulations. The two antithetical avenues of research, premises, and dynamic hypotheses, have evolved in a polarization of neuroscience. This [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/the-rosetta-stone-of-the-human-mind/</link>
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		<title>Consciousness: The WebCourse</title>
		<description><![CDATA[[ January 22, 2007 3:00 pm to April 9, 2007 3:00 pm. ] 
January 22 to April 9, 2007
Sponsored by the
University of Arizona
Center for Consciousness Studies
Tucson, Arizona

To register please go to this site

 Course Description
New scientific findings offer tantalizing glimpses into the ultimate mystery of consciousness. Brain imaging has made it possible to observe some of the physical brain correlates of both conscious and unconscious processes. How does [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/consciousness-the-webcourse/</link>
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		<title>Quantum Mind 2007</title>
		<description><![CDATA[[ July 17, 2007 to July 20, 2007. ] Quantum Mind, 2007

University of Salzburg, Natural Science Building, 5020 Salzburg, Austria

17th-20th July
2007

The mechanism by which the brain produces or allows for conscious experience remain enigmatic, causing scientists and philosophers to look to quantum mechanics and quantum field theories to help explain the mystery.
Along these lines, the third in a series of quadrennial conferences on quantum [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/quantum-mind-2007/</link>
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		<title>Toward a Science of Consciousness 2007</title>
		<description><![CDATA[[ July 23, 2007; ] 

Budapest, Hungary, July 23-26, 2007
Abstract submission deadline: January 15


Registration
before April 15:
200 €
(students 150 €)


&#160;
after April 15:
250 €
(students 200 €)


&#160;
at the conference:
300 €
(students 250 €)



Organizing Committee
George Kampis (Chair, ELTE)
Katalin Mund (Coordinator, ELTE)
Gábor Forrai (U. Miskolc)
Zoltán Jakab (TU Budapest)
Ádám Miklósi (ELTE)
János Tõzsér (ELTE)

assistants:
Levente Móró (Turku)
Péter Fazekas (London)

International Program Committee
Ivan Havel (Chair, Prague)
John Bickle (Cincinnati)
Axel Cleeremans (Brussels)
Shaun Gallagher [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/toward-a-science-of-consciousness-2007/</link>
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		<title>Consciousness without reference</title>
		<description><![CDATA[[ February 12, 2007 to February 16, 2007. ] Consciousness Without Reference - Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Hallucination, Imagination, and Dream
Fifth Düsseldorf Workshop "Philosophy and Cognitive Science"

12 Feb. - 16 Feb. 2007, Düsseldorf, Germany

Information: www.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de/thphil/bewusstsein

The workshop will be held predominantly in German  Preliminary Programme

	Mo 	      10:00-12:00		Dr. M. Werning (Düsseldorf) Das Problem des Bewusstseins aus philosophischer Sicht
	3:15-14:30		Das Problem der Missrepräsentation
	14:45-16:00		Das [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/consciousness-without-reference/</link>
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		<title>Consciousness: The WebCourse &#8212; Jan 22 to April 9 2007</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
   January 22 to April 9, 2007
Sponsored by the
University of Arizona
Center for Consciousness Studies
Tucson, Arizona
To register please go to this site
 Course Description
New scientific findings offer tantalizing glimpses into the ultimate mystery of consciousness. Brain imaging has made it possible to observe some of the physical brain correlates of both conscious and unconscious [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/consciousness-the-webcourse-jan-22-to-april-9-2007/</link>
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		<title>Morning and evening types and creative thinking</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Who is more creative &#8212; morning types or evening types? It seems that evening-types are more creative. Or at least so it seems. A recent preliminary study demonstrates this link, but also effects of gender and age.
Basically, we do not know enough about this topic, and the current study urges more studies into this area.  [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/12/morning-and-evening-types-and-creative-thinking/</link>
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		<title>What money does to people</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In what way does money change the way people think and act? According to a new study reported in Science, adding monetary motivation and reminders made people act more self-sufficient.
Interestingly, being reminded of the money did not even have to be done consciously. Priming had the same effect on self-sufficient behaviour versus requests for help [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/11/what-money-does-to-people/</link>
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		<title>Altered cognition and emotion in depersonalization disorder</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Depersonalization Disorder (DPD) is a dissociative disorder in which sufferers are affected by persistent feelings of depersonalization. The symptoms include a sense of automation, feeling a disconnection from one&#8217;s body, and difficulty relating oneself to reality.  In a recent study Medford et al. reports that patients with DPD do not process emotionally salient material [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/11/altered-cognition-and-emotion-in-depersonalization-disorder/</link>
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		<title>Brain Stimulation During Non-REM Sleep Enhances Memory</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Transcranial application of low-frequency electrical current during early nocturnal sleep potentiates the subject&#8217;s ability to remember words memorized the night before, German neuroendocrinologists report in this week&#8217;s online issue of Nature.
It is widely believed that sleep is linked with the long-term consolidation of new memories, via slow potential oscillations < 1 Hz that arise from [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/11/brain-stimulation-during-non-rem-sleep-enhances-memorynew-york-reuters-health-nov-06-transcranial-application-of-low-frequency-electrical-current-during-early-nocturnal-sleep-potentiates-the-subjects/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>Neanderthal genotyping spurs novel scientific field</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The reality of a complete Neanderthal genome draws near, as two papers report the sequencing of large amounts of Neanderthal DNA. The results help answer some central questions on human evolution. This novel trend in gene research opens up a new research field that by some is called &#8220;ancient genomics&#8221;. The question is, when will [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/11/neanderthal-genotyping-spurs-novel-scientific-field/</link>
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		<title>Why are watch enthusiasts more self-reflective?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

Practically no information exists on the mind of the watch enthusiast. Previous research has found a link between hand preference and Self-reflection, such that those more ambidextrous reported higher levels. It is argued that a mechanical watch and the Self share several common attributes and curiosity to both may have a common origin as complex, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/11/why-are-watch-enthusiasts-more-self-reflective/</link>
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		<title>Now accepting comments and newsletter subscriptions</title>
		<description><![CDATA[We&#8217;ve gone the past few weeks without any hiccups so user registration (for comments) and newsletter subscriptions are now open to all. Note that if you were previously subscribed to our newsletter you&#8217;ll have to resubscribe with the new system. There&#8217;s a new button on the left-hand menu that will take you to the newsletter [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/10/now-accepting-comments-and-newsletter-subscriptions/</link>
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		<title>The chemical sense of retaining detailed memories</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The levels of a chemical released by the brain determine how detailed a memory will later be, according to researchers at UC Irvine.
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine, a brain chemical already established as being crucial for learning and memory, appears to be the key to adding details to a memory. In a study with rats, Norman Weinberger, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/10/the-chemical-sense-of-retaining-detailed-memories/</link>
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		<title>Cognition &amp; Emotion</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Cognition &#038; Emotion is out. It is a special issue on Magda B. Arnold&#8216;s contributions to emotion research and theory. Here, we bring the table of content of this issue.

Special Issue:  Magda B. Arnold&#8217;s contributions to emotion research and theory
Magda B. Arnold&#8217;s contributions to emotions research     [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/10/cognition-emotion-3/</link>
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		<title>When Just One Sense Is Available, Multisensory Experience Fills in the Blanks</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new article is out describing how we use our senses to fill out the blanks when we are only provided with input from one modality. Talking in a phone is a good example. Here, we are only provided with the auditory input. In a new study, it seems that knowing the face of who [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/10/when-just-one-sense-is-available-multisensory-experience-fills-in-the-blanks/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>Impaired emotions of self and others</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Alexithymia is a manifestation of a deficit          in emotional cognition. People with this problem are mostly unaware of their feelings, or don&#8217;t know what they signify, and hence they rarely talk about their emotions or their emotional preferences; they operate in a very functional manner and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/10/impaired-emotions-of-self-and-others/</link>
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		<title>Even black-and-white bananas look yellow</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Experiment reveals how expectation interferes with perception.
What colour are your bananas? Most people see a tinge of yellow even when the picture is grey. When we look at a banana, does our brain tell us it looks yellow, even if it isn&#8217;t? A recent study shows that it does.
Psychologists at the University of Giessen, Germany, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/10/even-black-and-white-bananas-look-yellow/</link>
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		<title>Dressing up with hormones</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Women tend to be influenced by their ovulation status when they pick their clothes. &#8220;Near ovulation, women dress to impress, and the closer women come to ovulation, the more attention they appear to pay to their appearance,&#8221; said Martie Haselton, the study&#8217;s lead author and a UCLA associate professor of communication studies and psychology. &#8220;They [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/10/dressing-up-with-hormones/</link>
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		<title>Society for Neuroscience 2006</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Neuroscience 2006, the Society&#8217;s 36th annual meeting, will be held at the Georgia World Congress Center, in Atlanta, Ga., from October 14-18 , 2006. Every year the Society for Neuroscience provides the premier venue for neuroscientists around the world to share their research findings. By attending lectures, symposia, and workshops, meeting attendees can experience the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/10/society-for-neuroscience-2006/</link>
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		<title>Mind, October 2006</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The October issue of Mind from Oxford University Press is out.
It includes articles on &#8220;semantics for monists&#8221;, discussions about identity theory, and a number of book reviews.
Mind, October 2006; Vol. 115, No. 460
-
Articles
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;
Believing Falsely Makes It So
David Braddon-Mitchell
Mind 2006 115:833-866.
Fibonacci, Yablo, and the Cassationist Approach to Paradox
Laurence Goldstein
Mind 2006 115:867-890.
http://mind.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/115/460/867?etoc
Knowledge and Evidence
John Hyman
Mind 2006 115:891-916.
http://mind.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/115/460/891?etoc
How [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/10/mind-october-2006/</link>
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		<title>Neuropathic pain review</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The last issue of Neuron features a nice review of the mechanisms behind neuropathic pain. Here is the abstract:
Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain
Campbell et al
Neuron
Volume 52, Issue 1 , 5 October 2006, Pages 77-92
Neuropathic pain refers to pain that originates from pathology of the nervous system. Diabetes, infection (herpes zoster), nerve compression, nerve trauma, “channelopathies,” and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/10/neuropathic-pain-review/</link>
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		<title>ASSC: William James Prize</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The ASSC William James Prize for Contributions to the Study of Consciousness
ASSOCIATION FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF CONSCIOUSNESS (ASSC)
Each year one prize is awarded for an outstanding published contribution to the empirical or philosophical study of consciousness by a graduate student or postdoctoral scholar/researcher within 5 years of receiving a PhD or other advanced degree.
The [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/10/assc-william-james-prize/</link>
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		<title>ASSC: first call for symposia proposals</title>
		<description><![CDATA[FIRST CALL FOR SYMPOSIA PROPOSALS
ASSOCIATION FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF CONSCIOUSNESS 11TH ANNUAL MEETING.
Imperial Palace Hotel, Las Vegas June 22 &#8211; June 25, 2007
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;
The 11th annual meeting of the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness will be held from June 22nd to June 25th, 2007 in Las Vegas, Nevada (Imperial Palace Hotel). This is [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/10/assc-first-call-for-symposia-proposals/</link>
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		<title>Illusion contest 2007 &#8212; call for submissions</title>
		<description><![CDATA[****CALL FOR ILLUSION SUBMISSIONS: THE THIRD ANNUAL BEST VISUAL ILLUSION OF THE YEAR CONTEST****
http://illusioncontest.neuralcorrelate.com
*** We are happy to announce the world’s 3rd annual Best Visual Illusion of the Year Contest!!*** The deadline for illusion submissions is February 15th, 2007!
The 2007 contest will be held in Sarasota, Florida (Van Wezel Performing Arts Hall) on Saturday, May [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/10/illusion-contest-2007-call-for-submissions/</link>
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		<title>Genetics of emotional regulation</title>
		<description><![CDATA[ The second most read article in TICS (see previous headline) is a review (PDF) of studies from imaging genetics, the study of how genes make up our minds, as we have described here at SCR. Ahmad Hariri and Andrew Holmes reviews the evidence and discusses the implications of the genetic regulation of serotonin function [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/10/genetics-of-emotional-regulation/</link>
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		<title>A testable taxonomy for consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[For those of you who have not yet read it, the May 2006 issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences featured an important article by Stanislas Dehaene, and prominent colleagues, called &#8220;Conscious, preconscious, and subliminal processing: a testable taxonomy&#8221;. The article is available here (PDF). Basically, the approach uses the neuronal workspace hypothesis to distinguish between [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/10/a-testable-taxonomy-for-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>Is consciousness socially constructed?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In a new theory published in New Ideas in Psychology, consciousness is suggested to be the result of discourse. In other words, consciousness is socially constructed. It would be interesting to know how the author avoids a circularity in how the learning of a common thought, e.g. in development. For example, a child pointing at [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/10/is-consciousness-discursive/</link>
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		<title>Pure Novelty Spurs The Brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Neurobiologists have known that a novel environment sparks exploration and learning, but very little is known about whether the brain really prefers novelty as such. Rather, the major &#8220;novelty center&#8221; of the brain&#8211;called the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA)&#8211;might be activated by the unexpectedness of a stimulus, the emotional arousal it causes, or the need [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/09/pure-novelty-spurs-the-brain/</link>
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		<title>Mirrors In The Mind</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In three new independent studies, researchers have deepened our understanding of the remarkable ability of some specialized areas of the brain to activate both in response to one&#8217;s own actions and in response to sensory cues (such as sight) of the same actions perpetrated by another individual.
This ability is thought to be based in the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/09/mirrors-in-the-mind-new-studies-elucidate-how-the-brain-reflects-onto-itself-the-actions-of-others/</link>
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		<title>Hominid evolution and development</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Childhood is perhaps the defining feature of humanity. But how did it evolve? And when? Apart from Neanderthals, growth patterns of prehistoric humans are rarely studied because of the dearth of fossils that combine evidence from the head as well as the body.
This is why the 3.3-million-year-old juvenile partial skeleton of Australopithecus afarensis &#8212; the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/09/hominid-evolution-and-development/</link>
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		<title>Motivation and Emotion &#8212; New issue</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Volume 30 Number 1 of Motivation and Emotion is now available on the www.springerlink.com web site at http://www.springerlink.com.
Please find below the latest table of contents for your registered journal and book alert. By clicking on the URLs below you can access the abstracts for each article.
If your browser does not support direct URL access, please [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/09/motivation-and-emotion-new-issue/</link>
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		<title>Emotion &#8212; New issue out</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Emotion is now out:

Volume 6, Issue 3  Documenting and Explaining the Common AAB Pattern in Music and Humor: Establishing and Breaking Expectations.


 
 	
Spontaneous Emotion Regulation During Evaluated Speaking Tasks: Associations with Negative Affect, Anxiety Expression, Memory, and Physiological Responding.
Intramuscular Electrical Stimulation of Facial Muscles in Humans and Chimpanzees: Duchenne [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/09/emotion-new-issue-out/</link>
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		<title>Episodic memory &#8211; From brain to mind</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Hippocampus has a special issue on episodic memory and how it is studied. It is a comprehensive and thought provoking gathering of some of the front-end researchers in this field. Among the claims made in this issue, one can mention Ferbinteanu, Kennedy and Shapiro&#8217;s claim that
autonoetic experience is a feature of human consciousness rather than [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/09/episodic-memory-from-brain-to-mind/</link>
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		<title>Aggression gene and impulse control</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A version of a gene previously linked to impulsive violence appears to weaken brain circuits that regulate impulses, emotional memory and thinking in humans, researchers at the National Institutes of Health&#8217;s (NIH) National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) have found. Brain scans revealed that people with this version — especially males — tended to have [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/09/aggression-gene-and-impulse-control/</link>
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		<title>The Role Of Evolutionary Genomics In The Development Of Autism</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In an article to be published in a forthcoming issue of Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Dr Christopher Badcock and Professor Bernard Crespi explore the &#8216;imprinted brain hypothesis&#8217; to explain the cause and effect of autism and autistic syndromes such as Asperger&#8217;s syndrome, highlighted by the book &#8216;The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time,&#8217; [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/09/the-role-of-evolutionary-genomics-in-the-development-of-autism/</link>
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		<title>Conscious and Unconscious Memory Linked in Storing New Information</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The way the brain stores new, conscious information such as a first kiss or a childhood home is strongly linked to the way the human brain stores unconscious information, researchers at Yale report this month in an article featured on the cover of Neuron.


Conscious and Unconscious Memory Linked in Storing New Information
Marvin Chun et al. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/04/conscious-and-unconscious-memory-linked-in-storing-new-information/</link>
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		<title>Art and the Conscious Brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
A Review of Robert L. Solso&#8217;s The Psychology of Art and the Evolution of the Conscious Brain
7 x 9, 294 pp., 138 illus., 24 color
MIT Press
ISBN 0-262-69332-1
Neuroaesthetics is the name of a new research field that uses methods and results from the neurosciences to investigate problems in aesthetics. It may be viewed as the logical [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/04/art-and-the-conscious-brain-2/</link>
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		<title>Ramachandran interview</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Sashi Kumar has a conversation with Professor V.S. Ramachandran, world-renowned explorer of the human brain, on neuroscience, philosophy, consciousness and beyond.


 In the mind of the brain
The old house on Luz Avenue at Mylapore in Chennai has a whatyou-see-is-what-you-get air about it. The photographs and memorabilia in the drawing room evoke the proud lineage of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/ramachandran-interview/</link>
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		<title>Is language changing your personality?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Can language alter your personality? In this study by Ramírez-Esparza et al. results suggest that switching between language in Spanish and English bilinguals also changes personality traits.


Do bilinguals have two personalities? A special case of cultural frame switching

Nairán Ramírez-Esparza et al.  Journal of Research in PersonalityVolume 40, Issue 2 , April 2006, Pages 99-120

Abstract

Four [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/is-language-changing-your-personality/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Greater control in Tourette&#8217;s</title>
		<description><![CDATA[New evidence suggests that young people with Tourette&#8217;s syndrome actually exhibit a greater level of cognitive control over their movements than their non-affected peers do.


Increased Cognitive Control In Tourette&#8217;s Syndrome

Though the repetitive vocal and motor tics characteristic of Tourette&#8217;s syndrome may suggest an inability to control involuntary actions at the cognitive level, researchers have now [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/greater-control-in-tourettes/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Inhibiting the executive brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new study using Transcranial magnetic stimulation now identifies sub-components in executive functioning and their neural substrates.


Executive &#8220;Brake Failure&#8221; Following Deactivation of Human Frontal Lobe
Christopher D. Chambers et al in Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience


In the course of daily living, humans frequently encounter situations in which a motor activity, once initiated, becomes unnecessary or inappropriate. Under [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/inhibiting-the-executive-brain/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Thalamic lesions and consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[What happens following injury to the thalamus? In this case study Edelstyn, Hunter &#38; Ellis demonstrate a patient with dorsolateral thalamic damage with specific deficits in conscious processing.


Bilateral dorsolateral thalamic lesions disrupts conscious recollection

Nicola M.J. Edelstyn, Ben Hunter and Simon J. EllisNeuropsychologiaVolume 44, Issue 6 , 2006, Pages 931-938

Abstract

In an earlier study we disputed the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/thalamic-lesions-and-consciousness/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Right hemisphere lesions and attention</title>
		<description><![CDATA[What is the nature of attention deficits following right side lesions? A common syndrome is the unilateral neglect phenomenon. However, even if patients do not meet the criteria for such a disorder, right hemispheric lesions produce significant attentional changes. In this article, Habekost and Rostrup analyze this effect using a recently re-published theory of visual [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/right-hemisphere-lesions-and-attention/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Self-space in the brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[One building block of our sense of self is thought to be a body experience &#8212; a physical boundary that separates oneself from the environment. In a study published in Neuropsychologia Graziano &#38; Cooke focus on two specific parts of the brain called the ventral intraparietal area and an area in the precentral gyrus. These [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/self-space-in-the-brain/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Evolution and autism</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In an article to be published in a forthcoming issue of Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Dr Christopher Badcock and Professor Bernard Crespi explore the &#8216;imprinted brain hypothesis&#8217; to explain the cause and effect of autism and autistic syndromes such as Asperger&#8217;s syndrome, highlighted by the book &#8216;The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time,&#8217; [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/evolution-and-autism/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Knowing where your limbs are</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new experiment has shed more light on the multi-decade debate about how the brain knows where limbs are without looking at them.


How Does The Brain Know What The Right Hand Is Doing?

You don&#8217;t have to watch your legs and feet when you walk. Your brain knows where they are. For decades scientists have debated [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/knowing-where-your-limbs-are/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Aggression gene and impulse control</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A version of a gene previously linked to impulsive violence appears to weaken brain circuits that regulate impulses, emotional memory and thinking in humans, researchers at the National Institutes of Health&#8217;s (NIH) National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) have found. Brain scans revealed that people with this version &#8212; especially males &#8212; tended to have [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/aggression-gene-and-impulse-control-2/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Call for papers &#8212; The Visible Curriculum</title>
		<description><![CDATA[There is now a call for submissions in the journal Visual Studies on a special issue called &#8220;The Visible Curriculum&#8221;.


Call for Submissions
Visual Studies Special Issue 22(1) &#8211; The Visible Curriculum


Seeing is a key feature of schooling &#8211; What is visible? What is noticed? Almost all public and political attention that is paid to schools, and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/call-for-papers-the-visible-curriculum/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Meeting of minds &#8212; social neuroscience</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The neural mechanisms in social cognition are yet to be understood. In this article in Nature Reviews Neuroscience David Amodio and Chris Frith propose a model of medial frontal cortical function in social cognition.


Meeting of minds: the medial frontal cortex and social cognition
by David M. Amodio and Chris D. FrithNature Reviews Neuroscience 7, 268-277 (April [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/meeting-of-minds-social-neuroscience/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Consciousness &amp; Cognition</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue from Consciousness &#38; Cognition is out. Articles include on the use of phenomenology in experiments, task-unrelated images and thoughts, and mindreading.


Consciousness and Cognition
ISSN   : 1053-8100Volume : 15Issue  : 1Date   : Mar-2006


For more information about this journal visit this page

Table of Contents:

see TOC here


Is priming during anesthesia unconscious? [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/consciousness-cognition/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>New issue: Journal of Consciousness Studies</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of JCS is out; a special issue on epiphenomenalism. Other articles include book reviews and a conference report.


JOURNAL OF CONSCIOUSNESS STUDIES

Abstracts and selected full text hereFull text e-service (JCS subscribers and pay-per-view) hereAll enquiries this email


2006 Subscriptions renewal here


Vol. 13, No. 1-2, January/February 2006SPECIAL ISSUE ON EPIPHENOMENALISMEdited by Michael Pauen, Alexander Staudacher [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/new-issue-journal-of-consciousness-studies/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Write for us!</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Are you interested in writing articles for us? To review books, do surveys, and write resumes about recent scientific publications? We are open to suggestions. Neuroscientists, AI-programmers, and students alike are welcome to contribute to SCR.
Send us a brief note about yourself to Managing Editor.

How to write for SCR
News Summaries &#8211; Scientific Theory and History [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/write-for-us/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Branding the brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In a groundbreaking new study, researchers from the University of Michigan and Harvard University use cutting-edge brain-scanning technology to explore how different regions of the brain are activated when we think about certain qualities of brands and products. The study, forthcoming in the Journal of Consumer Research, is the first to use fMRI to assess [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/branding-the-brain/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Neurobiology of sleep-wake cycle</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Learn about the neurobiology of the sleep-wake cycle and implications for the understanding and management of insomnia in this Expert Column at Medscape.com.


The Sleep-Wake Cycle and Its Clinical Implications in Understanding and Managing Insomnia
Expert Column CME at Medscape.comby Thomas Roth, PhD


Introduction

Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder affecting a significant portion of the population. Insomnia [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/neurobiology-of-sleep-wake-cycle/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Subliminal fear</title>
		<description><![CDATA[How does the brain respond to threatening input when we do not become aware of it? In a study by Liddell et al. it was demonstrated that subliminal fear reactions work through regions in the brainstem, pulvinar and amygdala, as well as regions related to orienting responses such as fronto-temporal cortices.


A direct brainstem-amygdala-cortical &#8216;alarm&#8217; system [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/subliminal-fear/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Hard to detect consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[We have previously reported about the consciousness monitor, an approach that seeks to use electroencephalograms to detect awakenings during anesthesia. In a recent study, one such monitor called Narcotrend, failed to demonstrate a reliable measure of consciousness.

The Narcotrend &#8216;depth of anaesthesia&#8217; monitor cannot reliably detect consciousness during general anaesthesia: an investigation using the isolated forearm [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/hard-to-detect-consciousness/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Waking up from PVS</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The vegetative state is a paradoxical condition marked by loss of consciousness yet persistence of other functions such a day-night cycle. For this condition the rule of thumb has been that the longer a patient stays in this condition, the less likely they are to regain consciousness. This prolonged phase has been called presistent, or [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/waking-up-from-pvs/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Deciding how to decide</title>
		<description><![CDATA[What is the relationship between decision making and the frontal lobes? Lesley Fellows writes that &#8220;processes supported by ventral and medial prefrontal cortex need to be conceptualized more broadly, to account for changes in decision making under conditions of certainty, as well as uncertainty, following damage to these areas&#8221;.


Deciding how to decide: ventromedial frontal lobe [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/deciding-how-to-decide/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Reminder: Budapest Semester in Cognitive Science</title>
		<description><![CDATA[This is a reminder about the Budapest Semester in Cognitive Science (BSCS) and its Call for Undergraduate Students for 2006.



 We have a modified deadline of  May 15, 2006

 Application procedure as seen on the Web site.



Courses and teachers in 2006 include:

Cognitive Neuroscience &#8212; Professor John Bickle, UC (USA)Dynamic Brain Modeling &#8212; Professor Peter [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/reminder-budapest-semester-in-cognitive-science/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Genes, depression and medication</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Whether depressed patients will respond to an antidepressant depends, in part, on which version of a gene they inherit, a study led by scientists at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has discovered. Having two copies of one version of a gene that codes for a component of the brain&#8217;s mood-regulating system increased the odds [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/genes-depression-and-medication/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Genes, brain/mind and behaviour</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A conference in November 2006 seeks to combine the understanding og genes, brain, mind and behaviour. In addition, aspects of neuroethics will also be covered.


7th EMBL/EMBO Joint Conference 2006
3-4 November 2006, EMBL Heidelberg, Germany


Genes, brain/mind and behaviour

Research in the life sciences is revealing how genes are differentially expressed in the brain and how types of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/genes-brainmind-and-behaviour/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>How genes make up your mind</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

&#8220;You are nothing but a pack of neurons&#8221;, the late Francis Crick once wrote (1) in his discussion about the neural underpinnings of consciousness. Today we can add &#8220;You are nothing but a pack of genes&#8221;. Neurons are, after all, the result of the expression of genes. In this way we can argue that genes [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/how-genes-make-up-your-mind/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Hands Free Isn&#8217;t Mind Free</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Do you think using a hands-free device makes it okay to talk on a cell phone while driving? Despite the well-intended laws requiring the use of hands-free devices, a driver&#8217;s performance is impaired when distracted by even the simplest tasks, whether or not both hands are on the steering wheel.


Hands Free Isn&#8217;t Mind Free: Performing [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/hands-free-isnt-mind-free/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Consciousness baffling psyhiatrists</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Former President Bill Clinton used to tell the public that he &#8220;felt their pain.&#8221; He may have been right—literally. Empathy has been shown to activate a brain region involved in feeling pain. A large part of a psychiatrist&#8217;s day is spent navigating the world of emotions, feelings, and consciousness. Yet what is actually known about [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/consciousness-baffling-psyhiatrists/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Selfish genes and the mind</title>
		<description><![CDATA[To mark the 30th anniversary of Richard Dawkins’s book, Oxford University Press is to issue a collection of essays about his work. Here, professor of psychology at Harvard University, Steven Pinker, wonders if Dawkins’s big idea has not gone far enough.

Yes, genes can be selfish

US television talk-show host Jay Leno, interviewing a passer-by: &#8220;How do [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/selfish-genes-and-the-mind/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Neonate self-awareness questioned</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In this article Talia Welsh questions the long held view that newborn infants have an inborn primitive sense of self.


Do Neonates Display Innate Self-Awareness? 

Why Neonatal Imitation Fails to Provide Sufficient Grounds for Innate Self- and Other-Awareness

by Talia Welsh in Philosophical Psychology Volume 19, Number 2, 221 &#8211; 238


Abstract


Until the 1970s, models of early infancy [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/neonate-self-awareness-questioned/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>New reviews from Metapsychology Online</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Metapsychology Online has recently published several book reviews. Here we link to the most relevant articles.


In the last 3 weeks, we have published the following reviews of possible interest to this group.

The Boy Who Loved Windows &#8211; Opening the Heart and Mind of a Child Threatened with Autism by Patricia Stacey  &#8212;  Review [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/new-reviews-from-metapsychology-online/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Consciousness is overrated</title>
		<description><![CDATA[You should approach a big decision by gathering plenty of data, perhaps listing the pros and cons of each choice and then sleeping on it. That sleep period, or downtime, is the key, because it gives your unconscious mind a chance to process the data and produce the most rational choice.


Consciousness is overrated &#8211; I [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/03/consciousness-is-overrated/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Feeling by numbers</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The amygdala is recognized as a part of the brain associated with emotions such as fear and pleasure, and also with reinforcement learning, by which sensory stimuli become associated with positive or negative values. The way that neural circuits assign emotional value to visual stimuli is perhaps the most elusive aspect of this system experimentally. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/feeling-by-numbers/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Instant replay may help to mould memories</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Idlers, loafers and layabouts, listen up. A new study suggests that the times when we sit around twiddling our thumbs could in fact be vital for learning.


Brain&#8217;s rewind function argues for taking a break.
Resting rats run instant replays of their memories.


The idea stems from experiments in which neuroscientists eavesdropped on the brains of rats as [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/instant-replay-may-help-to-mould-memories/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Decisions with little thought</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In a Science publication, it is reported that &#8220;purchases of complex products were viewed more favorably when decisions had been made in the absence of attentive deliberation.&#8221;


On Making the Right Choice: The Deliberation-Without-Attention Effect
by Ap Dijksterhuis, Maarten W. Bos, Loran F. Nordgren, Rick B. van Baaren in NeuroImage


Contrary to conventional wisdom, it is not always [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/decisions-with-little-thought/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Pain Management</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The Medscape Pain Management Special Report is a free, monthly newsletter focused on recent developments and advances in the understanding and treatment of pain. It features expert columns, recent articles, and easy-to-navigate links to the latest information on pain management.


Pain Management
Medscape from WebMD


February 2006


INTRODUCTION

For millions of Americans with chronic muscle and joint pain, cyclooxygenase (COX) [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/pain-management/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Heterophenomenology vs. critical phenomenology</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Max Velmans presents and discusses the two approaches and gives the conclusion that &#8220;there is little to recommend (heterophenomenology) other than an attempt to shore up a counterintuitive, reductive philosophy of mind.&#8221;


HETEROPHENOMENOLOGY VERSUS CRITICAL PHENOMENOLOGY
by Velmans, Prof Max (2006)


Following an on-line dialogue with Dennett (Velmans, 2001) this paper examines the similarities and differences between heterophenomenology [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/heterophenomenology-vs-critical-phenomenology/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Metamemory, delusions and schizophrenia</title>
		<description><![CDATA[What causes delusions in schizophrenia? A study by Moritz et al. demonstrates that metamemory corruption appears to be a contributing factor to the formation of delusions.


The Contribution of Metamemory Deficits to Schizophrenia.
by Moritz, Steffen; Woodward, Todd S. in Journal of Abnormal Psychology


A number of recent studies have demonstrated that individuals with schizophrenia display knowledge corruption; [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/metamemory-delusions-and-schizophrenia/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Unconscious math</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Can we do math unconsciously? A study by Rusconi et al. demonstrates that in a neglect patient, neglect does not prevent neglected numbers from accessing their representations in arithmetic networks. Doing simple math, like reading, seems to be highly automatic.


Arithmetic priming from neglected numbers
Elena Rusconi et al. in Cognitive Neuropsychology Volume 23, Number 2 / [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/unconscious-math/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Inattentional blindness and GW theory</title>
		<description><![CDATA[CogPrints now features the piece &#8220;Generalized inattentional blindness from a Global Workspace perspective&#8221; by Rodrick Wallace. This article is an attempt at applying the Global Workspace model of consciousness to inattentional blindness.


Generalized inattentional blindness from a Global Workspace perspective

Wallace, Rodrick (2006)


Abstract


We apply Baars&#8217; Global Workspace model of consciousness to inattentional blindness, using the groupoid network [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/inattentional-blindness-and-gw-theory/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Architecture of Brain and Mind</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The EC-funded euCognition network has agreed to support a two-day symposium which is part of the AISB&#8217;06 convention to be held in Bristol, UK on 3-6th April.


INVITATION TO SUBMIT A POSTER ABSTRACT, OR SIMPLY TO REGISTER

The EC-funded euCognition network has agreed to support a two-day symposium which is part of the AISB&#8217;06 convention to be [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/architecture-of-brain-and-mind/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Self-movement in the brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[We are readily able to distinguish movement made by ourselves and those by others. A recent study in Neuroimage by Balslev et al. demonstrate that the brain networks underlying these two experiences are indeed very similar. This means that a suggestion that recognition of visual feedback during active and passive movement relies on different brain [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/self-movement-in-the-brain/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Meditation May Increase the Thickness of the Cortex</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

An interview with Dr. Sara W. Lazar
by Zoran Josipovic
Introduction
Neuronal plasticity, the ability of neurons in the brain to change in response to experience, has been one of the most exciting discoveries in neuroscience. For a long time it was believed that only the young brain can undergo such structural changes. However, recent findings have shown [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/meditation-may-increase-the-thickness-of-the-cortex/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The role of perception in false memories</title>
		<description><![CDATA[How are false memories formed? Are they the result of imagination only, or a combination of newly perceived events and imagination? A study by Lyle and Johnson actually finds that perception might play a larger role than imagination


Importing perceived features into false memories

Keith B. Lyle and Marcia K. Johnson in Memory Volume 14, Number 2, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/the-role-of-perception-in-false-memories/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Autobiographic memory and rumination in ageing</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Intrusion of negative memories happens to all of us. But is there a change in this as we get older? A study by Schlagman and colleagues demonstrates that older people tend to have fewer intrusions of negative memories.


A content analysis of involuntary autobiographical memories: Examining the positivity effect in old age

Simone Schlagman , Joerg Schulz [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/autobiographic-memory-and-rumination-in-ageing/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Review of precuneus function</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The precuneus is a structure that has received little attention. In a review by Cavanna and Trimble in Brain, the precuneus is suggested to play a role in many consciousness-related functions, such as first-person perspective taking and the sense of agency. Also, it is suggested to play a significant role in self-awareness, with support from [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/review-of-precuneus-function/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Self-Serve Brains</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The concept of identity theft assumes an entirely new meaning for people with brain injuries that rob them of their sense of self—the unspoken certainty that one exists as a person in a flesh—bounded body with a unique set of life experiences and relationships.
We link to the full article by Bruce Bower in Science News [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/self-serve-brains/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Nalmafene for your ludomania</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new study demonstrates that Nalmefene, an experimental drug, has positive treatment effects on compulsive gambling. It works through making gambling become less thrilling and compelling.


Multicenter investigation of the opioid antagonist nalmefene in the treatment of pathological gambling.
 by Grant et al. in Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Feb ; 163(2): 303-12


OBJECTIVE: Pathological gambling is a [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/nalmafene-for-your-ludomania/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Dreaming 15 (4)</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Dreaming is out, including articles on both methodological as well as clinical and theoretical approaches.


Dreaming
Volume 15, Issue 4


homepage


Gender Role Conflict and the Process and Outcome of Dream Work With Men.

Rochlen, Aaron B.; Hill, Clara E.

The current study evaluated how men with variable levels of gender role conflict responded to single-session, therapist-facilitated [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/dreaming-15-4/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Does Consciousness Cause Behavior?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Our intuition tells us that we, our conscious selves, cause our own voluntary acts. Yet scientists have long questioned this; Thomas Huxley, for example, in 1874 compared mental events to a steam whistle that contributes nothing to the work of a locomotive. New experimental evidence (most notable, work by Benjamin Libet and Daniel Wegner) has [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/does-consciousness-cause-behavior/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Beyond the learning curve: The construction of mind</title>
		<description><![CDATA[This new book takes the view that learning is a major influence on the nature of the processes and representations that fill our minds. Beyond the Learning Curve is a thought provoking and challenging new text for students and researchers in the cognitive sciences.


Beyond the Learning Curve: The construction of mind

Craig Speelman and Kim Kirsner

Price: [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/beyond-the-learning-curve-the-construction-of-mind/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>An update on anxiety</title>
		<description><![CDATA[It unclear today whether anxiety states should be thought of as several distinct diagnostic entities, or as one broadly conceived syndrome with no clear boundaries between various manifestations of anxiety. In this review by Vladan Starcevic at Medscape.com both conceptual and treatment issues are presented and discussed.


Anxiety States: A Review of Conceptual and Treatment Issues
&#8221; [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/an-update-on-anxiety/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Self and personality stability in ageing</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A recent meta-analysis by Roberts, Walton and Viechtbauer published in Psychological Bulletin demonstrate that personality traits change over time. Some things that change over time is our social interactions, they find, and our emotional stability. It would be most interesting to see how these findings relate to our normal sense of self, i.e. our feeling [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/self-and-personality-stability-in-ageing/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Plenary Schedule for TSC 2006</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The plenary program for the 2006 Tucson consciousness conference is now complete.  The four keynote speakers will be Temple Grandin, Douglas Hofstadter, John Searle, and Giulio Tononi.  The complete plenary program, 21 concurrent talk sessions (5 talks in each) and 18 pre-conference workshops are posted on the website.  The poster program (two [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/plenary-schedule-for-tsc-2006/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Cognition, emotion and the cerebellum</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The traditional teaching that the cerebellum is purely a motor control device no longer appears valid, if, indeed, ever it was. There is increasing recognition that the cerebellum contributes to cognitive processing and emotional control in addition to its role in motor coordination.


Cognition, emotion and the cerebellum
by Jeremy D. Schmahmann (2) and David Caplan (2) [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/cognition-emotion-and-the-cerebellum/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Inner vision</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The latest issue of Scientific American Mind, INNER VISION, is now available at Scientific American Digital. It includes some free, featured articles.

Scientific American


SciAm Mind


Inner vision

Features in this issue include&#8230;


Cover Story: Picture This &#8211; How the brain creates images in our minds may well determine how we think.


Do Animals Have Feelings? &#8211; Animal lovers insist their [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/inner-vision/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Call for papers and poster proposals &#8212; ASSC 10</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The tenth annual meeting of the Association for the Scientific Study  of Consciousness will be held from June 23rd to June 26th, 2006 in  Oxford. The meeting will be notable as the tenth anniversary of the  first ASSC meeting. It will also take place in the pleasant  surroundings of St. Anne&#8217;s [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/02/call-for-papers-and-poster-proposals-assc-10/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Are animals self-aware?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
A review of &#8220;The missing link in cognition: Origins of self-reflective consciousness&#8221;
Herbert Terrace and Janet Metcalfe assemble thirteen essays on how self-awareness evolved and up to what point nonhuman organisms possess this ability. Their book is highly informative and interesting, but the missing link is still&#8230; missing.
Introduction
“The central issue in this volume is where self-reflective [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/are-animals-self-aware/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Religious belief</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Is religious belief a part of human nature? Why did it evolve? When did we start believing in gods? Why do so many people believe in the paranormal? In this 12-page special report, New Scientist examines the science of belief. While some hard-line atheists believe religion is the root of all evil, the very antithesis [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/religious-belief/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Exploring the boundaries of experience and self</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Where are the boundaries of conscious experience and self, and why do these boundaries exist? How do they develop in interaction with parents, carers and others? A September conference at St. Anne&#8217;s College, Oxford, focuses on this and related questions


CONSCIOUSNESS AND EXPERIENTIAL SECTION OF THE BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
10th ANNUAL CONFERENCE.

St. Anne’s College, Oxford, 15th to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/exploring-the-boundaries-of-experience-and-self/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Most read articles in Cognitive Brain Research &#8212; Decision making</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Among the 25 hottest (i.e. most read) articles in the journal Cognitive Brain Research, many are about decision making. Here we bring the chart-toppers. For some of the articles we have also found full PDF links.


Hot decision making articles in Cognitive Brain research

Functional connectivity with anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortices during decision-making. by Cohen et [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/most-read-articles-in-cognitive-brain-research-decision-making/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Perspectives on memory and cognition</title>
		<description><![CDATA[We are pleased to invite you to Aarhus, Denmark, to participate in a conference on Perspectives on Memory and Cognition. Six internationally recognized scholars have accepted our invitation to give an invited address on a topic of their particular interest within the overall framework of memory and cognition. In addition, the conference will include shorter [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/perspectives-on-memory-and-cognition/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Cognition &amp; Emotion</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Cognition &#38; Emotion is out. It includes articles on the effects of peripheral feedback on emotional behaviour, anxiety and depression, and fear and eye-gaze.


Cognition &#38; Emotion
Volume 20 Number 2/February 2006 of Cognition &#38; Emotion is now available on the psychologypress.metapress.com web site at http://psychologypress.metapress.com.


This URL will take you directly to the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/cognition-emotion/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Foetal pain reviewed</title>
		<description><![CDATA[When should we call a foetus a human being? When can we accept that the foetus experiences pain? According to this latest study by Mellor and colleagues, the current understanding of pain perception during development is still poorly understood.


The importance of &#8216;awareness&#8217; for understanding fetal pain
by Mellor DJ, Diesch TJ, Gunn AJ, Bennet L in [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/foetal-pain-reviewed/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Cognitive science and neuro-psycho-pathologies?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[What cognitive science can learn from neuro- psycho-pathologies? This is the theme for a forthcoming conference at the University of Central Florida. This conference will explore various approaches to understanding both neuropathologies and psychopathologies, with interdisciplinary contributions from philosophy, psychology, cognitive neuroscience, psychiatry and other cognitive sciences.  Special emphasis will be given to questions [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/cognitive-science-and-neuro-psycho-pathologies/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Suppressing emotions</title>
		<description><![CDATA[What happens when we suppress emotional thoughts or behaviour? In a study by Ohira and colleagues, it was shown that active suppression of emotions led to distinct patterns of activation. Areas activated in this PET study included the lateral and medial prefrontal and medial orbitofrontal cortices. Furthermore, the researchers found a tight correlation between the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/suppressing-emotions/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Critical remarks about art in the brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[An online published paper by John Hyman provides a thorough criticism of two major contributors to the emergent field of neuroaesthetics, V.S. Ramachandran and Semir Zeki.


Art and Neuroscience

From the article:

I want to discuss a new area of scientific research called neuro-aesthetics, which is the study of art by neuroscientists. The most prominent champions of neuro-aesthetics [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/critical-remarks-about-art-in-the-brain/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Metapsychology book review</title>
		<description><![CDATA[New book reviews are available from Metapsychology Online. Here we link to the most relevant texts.


New Reviews on Metapsychology Online

In the last month, we have published the following reviews of possible interest to this group:

Development of Psychopathology. A Vulnerability-Stress Perspective by Benjamin L. Hankin and John R.Z. Abela (Editors)

Review by Peter B. Raabe, Ph.D. on [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/metapsychology-book-review/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience is out with articles relevant for consciousness studies. We feature here a selection of some of the abstracts.


 Journal of Cognititive Neuroscience
Vol. 17, Issue 12 &#8211; December 2005


Selected abstracts

The Cerebral Response during Subjective Choice With and without Self-reference by Sterling C. Johnson, Taylor W. Schmitz, Tisha N. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/journal-of-cognitive-neuroscience/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Understanding Emotions</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Keith Oatley and Jennifer M. Jenkins&#8217;s best-selling book on the psychology of emotions is the most highly regarded and engaging text for the emotions course. While retaining its interdisciplinary breadth, historical insights, and engaging format, this new edition adds the expertise of well-respected researcher and dedicated teacher Dacher Keltner.


Understanding Emotions
DACHER KELTNER, University of California, Berkeley; [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/understanding-emotions/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Call for tutorial proposals, ASSC10</title>
		<description><![CDATA[CALL FOR TUTORIAL PROPOSALS

ASSOCIATION FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF CONSCIOUSNESS 10TH ANNUAL MEETING

St. Anne&#8217;s College, Oxford

June 23 &#8211; June 26, 2006


The tenth annual meeting of the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness will be held from June 23rd to June 26th, 2006 in Oxford. The meeting will be notable as the tenth anniversary of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/call-for-tutorial-proposals-assc10/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Stressing the brain to forget</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Are memories formed under stressful situations the same as those formed under normal, neutral situations? A study by Payne et al demonstrates that this is not the case. Stress induces very specific alterations in emotional memory, while leaving non-emotional memory relatively intact.


The impact of stress on neutral and emotional aspects of episodic memory

Payne et al. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/stressing-the-brain-to-forget/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>How the body shapes the mind &#8211; An interview with Shaun Gallagher</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

An Interview with Shaun Gallagher

RAMSØY
Professor Gallagher, in your book called &#8220;How the body shapes the mind&#8221; you start by pointing out and discussing the crucial distinction between body image and body schema. In what way is this distinction meaningful? 


GALLAGHER
In the book I cite a number of studies that suggested that these concepts are problematic, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/how-the-body-shapes-the-mind-an-interview-with-shaun-gallagher/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Center for Naturalism February Newsletter</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The Center for Naturalism (www.naturalism.org) has sent out its February newsletter, which includes updates on events, articles and presentations, online resources and much more.

We bring here a snip of Dennett&#8217;s TW Clark&#8217;s article &#8220;Mind, unspecified&#8221;


Mind, Unspecified
By Daniel Dennett TW Clark


The difficulty with dualism has always been how to specify the interaction between two putatively separate [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/center-for-naturalism-february-newsletter/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Serotonin and mood</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new study demonstrates the relationship between subjective reports of mood and the level of (5-HT) serotonin levels in the blood. While this serotonine marker predicts positive affect very well, it does not for negative mood.


Associations between whole-blood serotonin and subjective mood in healthy male volunteers.
Williams E, Stewart-Knox B, Helander A, McConville C, Bradbury I, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/serotonin-and-mood/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Brain physiology and unconscious states</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The distinction between different kinds of unconscious states such as anaesthesia, coma, vegetative state, minimally conscious state and locked-in syndrome are hard to draw. One of the methods used as tools for distinguishing between these states, or at least grossly between conscious and unconscious states, is the EEG. Some studies have shown that the EEG [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/brain-physiology-and-unconscious-states/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>61 Optical Illusions &amp; Visual Phenomena</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Here is an excellent resource for different visual illusion and phenomena. Michael Bach has made an impressive collection of different illusions. Each illusion is also accompanied by descriptions of how and why they work. Many illusions are also manipulable to better illustrate the effect.


61 Optical Illusions &#38; Visual Phenomena
by Michael Bach, University of Freiburg, Germany


These [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/61-optical-illusions-visual-phenomena/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>New issue: Journal of Consciousness Studies</title>
		<description><![CDATA[This alert includes two issues of JCS. They include a hole range of articles including: book reviews, original articles, and continuing debates.


JOURNAL OF CONSCIOUSNESS STUDIES

Abstracts and selected full text

Full text e-service (JCS subscribers and pay-per-view)

All enquiries to this email


2006 Subscriptions renewal: here

VOLUME 12, No.11, NOVEMBER 2005


Refereed Papers



Shahar Arzy, Moshe Idel, Theodor Landis &#38; Olaf Blanke, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/new-issue-journal-of-consciousness-studies-2/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The alleged illusion of free will</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The discussion of whether we have a free will is one of the key issues in consciousness science. As van Duijn and Bem argues in this paper, there seems to be a trend in cognitive neuroscience to view free will as an illusion. Contrary to this, they argue that &#8220;the mechanisms supporting conscious will are [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/the-alleged-illusion-of-free-will/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Suppressing unwanted memories</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Freud redux? A study from 2004 in Science looked into how we suppress unwanted memories. In this study, Anderson and colleagues found a nice relationship between the amount of activation in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and the magnitude of &#8216;forgetting&#8217;.


Neural systems underlying the suppression of unwanted memories.
Anderson et al. in Science. 2004 Jan 9; [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/suppressing-unwanted-memories/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>How split-brains recognise themselves</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The study of how self-awareness relates to the structures and functions of the brain has taken many approaches. Studies have identified contributions from the parietal lobes in self-other distinction and body space, while other structures such as the left frontal lobe is implicated in inner speech.
In a new study on a split-brain patient Uddin et [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/how-split-brains-recognise-themselves/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Colour perception illusion site</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Colour perception can be influenced by the local environment in which they are seen. But just how dramatic can this influence be? Here we link to a website that demonstrates the effect of colour constancy.


This is a link to a nice webage with demonstrations of visual colour illusions, or the colour constancy effect. It demonstrates [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/colour-perception-illusion-site/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Toward an Explanation of the Genesis of Ketamine-Induced Perceptual Distortions</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Ketamine is an anaesthetic drug for human and veterinary use. However, it is also a drug that is used recreationally due to its ability to induce lighter and more short-lived hallucinations than LSD. It also produces perceptual distortions. 

In a paper in Brain and Mind, Pereira and Johnson present a thorough investigation of how ketamine [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/toward-an-explanation-of-the-genesis-of-ketamine-induced-perceptual-distortions/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Language colours vision</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The left brain may view the world through the prism of language. 

Our perception of colours can depend on whether we view them from the left or the right, scientists have found. They say this demonstrates how language can alter the way we see the world. 


The language-loving left hemisphere of the brain can spot [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/language-colours-vision/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Consciousness and Mind</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Consciousness and Mind presents David Rosenthal&#8217;s influential work on the nature of consciousness. Central to that work is Rosenthal&#8217;s higher-order-thought theory of consciousness, according to which a sensation, thought, or other mental state is conscious if one has a higher-order thought (HOT) that one is in that state. The first four essays develop various aspects [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/consciousness-and-mind/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Causal models. How People Think about the World and Its Alternatives</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Human beings are active agents who can think. To understand how thought serves action requires understanding how people conceive of the relation between cause and effect, that is, between action and outcome. In cognitive terms, the question becomes one of how people construct and reason with the causal models we use to represent our world.


Causal [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/causal-models-how-people-think-about-the-world-and-its-alternatives/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Call for papers &#8211; New Ideas in Psychology</title>
		<description><![CDATA[New Ideas in Psychology is calling papers for a special issue entitled &#8216;Dynamics and Psychology&#8217;.

The purpose of this special issue is to bring together some of the leading views on dynamicism as it relates to psychological phenomena. Although the primary focus is on conceptual ideas regarding the status of dynamicism from the standpoint of Developmental [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/call-for-papers-new-ideas-in-psychology/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Making false memories</title>
		<description><![CDATA[For many years researchers in cognitive neurscience has known that episodic memory does not work like a tape recorder or a computer hard drive. Recollection of events is not a simple replay from a fixed store. Rather, episodic memory (and memory in general) is today seen as a dynamic &#8211; even fragile &#8211; reconstruction process. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2006/01/making-false-memories/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Imitating minds</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Social interaction is one of the most complex undertakings of the primate brain. It is the result of collaboration between different levels of the brain. Imitation is an important social function that &#8211; among other things &#8211; enables an organism to relate to other organisms and learn from them. In a paper in Current Opinion [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/imitating-minds/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Self and Identity &#8212; New issue</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of the journal Self and Identity is out, including papers on defense mechanisms and self-perception.


Volume 5 Number 1 / 01 Jan 2006 of Self and Identity is now available on the psychologypress.metapress.com web site

This issue contains:


Domain-specific effects of stereotypes on performance by Margaret Shih, Todd L. Pittinsky, Amy Trahan


Abstract &#8211; We report [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/self-and-identity-new-issue/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Information Integration Theory of Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

The shadow of the blackbird
Crossed to and fro.
The mood
Traced in the shadow
An indecipherable cause.
-Wallace Stevens
Introduction
In 26 syllables, Wallace Stevens summarizes our current understanding of how the brain makes consciousness. For now, the signals we receive are indecipherable. We have to learn how to read the signals, and for that we need the right brain theory [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/information-integration-theory-of-consciousness/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Attention: inhibition or facilitation?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[What are the mechanisms behind attention, our ability to focus on some aspects or stimuli, and ignore others? Is it due to an inhibition of all other inputs than the attended one or by facilitating the one input and not the others? Or are both mechanisms at stake? A recent neuroimaging study contradicts a widespread [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/attention-inhibition-or-facilitation/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Detecting a touch</title>
		<description><![CDATA[What happens in the brain when a stimulus is detected? How does the brain activity look when there is no such detection? This question has been addressed by study by de Lafuente et al. in a study of monkeys. Using somatosensory stimuli, the results indicated that the primary sensory cortices are not part of the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/detecting-a-touch/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>NeuroImage special issue on social cognitive neuroscience</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Many relevant articles were published in the December 2005 issue of NeuroImage, which is a special issue on social cognitive neuroscience.


NeuroImage special issue
Articles include:


Principles, processes, and puzzles of social cognition: An introduction for the special issue on social cognitive neuroscience



General and specific contributions of the medial prefrontal cortex to knowledge about mental states



Attributions on the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/neuroimage-special-issue-on-social-cognitive-neuroscience/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Social reasoning in schizophrenia</title>
		<description><![CDATA[How do people suffering from schizophrenia think socially? In this study by Russell et al. patients were asked to verbally describe cartoons of different social complexity. The results demonstrate that patients suffering from schizophrenia show different result profiles according to their symptomalogy, and that verbal measures may be used as an indicator for social reasoning [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/social-reasoning-in-schizophrenia/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Beauty in the brain of the beholder</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new study by Jacobsen et al. demonstrate brain areas involved in aesthetic judgements of beauty.


Brain correlates of aesthetic judgment of beauty

Thomas Jacobsen in NeuroImage Volume 29, Issue 1 , 1 January 2006, Pages 276-285


Abstract

Functional MRI was used to investigate the neural correlates of aesthetic judgments of beauty of geometrical shapes. Participants performed evaluative aesthetic [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/beauty-in-the-brain-of-the-beholder/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Waiting for an aversive event</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A study by Nitschke and colleagues now demonstrate the neural correlates to the expectation of an aversive event. Experiencing as well as anticipating an aversive event involves specific structures such as the amygdala, insula cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex. An additional network involving smaller parts of the anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/waiting-for-an-aversive-event/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Brain mapping of social cognition</title>
		<description><![CDATA[What is the relationship and difference between Theory of Mind (ToM) and empathy? In the literature of social cognition, these terms have been used interchangeably. Völlm and colleagues demonstrate that there are indeed some differences in the brain systems underlyding these functions. While a certain extent of the network involved is similar for the two [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/brain-mapping-of-social-cognition/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Fooling the brain-sense</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In a new study, Schaefer et al demonstrate that the primary sensory cortex is involved in a special illusion of sensation in a limb that is not one&#8217;s own.


Fooling your feelings: Artificially induced referred sensations are linked to a modulation of the primary somatosensory cortex
Michael Schaefer et al in NeuroImage Volume 29, Issue 1


Abstract

Recent studies [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/fooling-the-brain-sense/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>New issue: Emotion</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of Emotion is out. Among the many articles are some on: attention and memory, sensation seeking, the worrying mind, and mental imagery.


Emotion Volume 5, Issue 4

Editors:   	Richard J. Davidson, PhD

		Klaus R. Scherer, PhD


Go to APA journals



Looking for Foes and Friends: Perceptual and Emotional Factors When Finding a Face in the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/new-issue-emotion/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Mind over pain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Patients could suppress chronic pain by learning to control the activity of certain areas of their brains.


Power of the mind can lessen chronic pain

Christopher deCharms of imaging technology firm Omneuron in California and his colleagues at Stanford University showed eight patients suffering from chronic pain feedback from real-time functional magnetic resonance images of the rostral [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/mind-over-pain/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Heart-beating music for the unconscious mind</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Doctors in an Illinois hospital are trying a musical therapy experiment to see if harp music can help calm a racing, erratic heartbeat.


Plucking at the heart strings
By Lindsey Tanner

The Associated Press

URBANA, ILL. (Dec 21, 2005)


Surrounded by cutting edge medical equipment, the 83-year-old patient lay unconscious and sedated, with skinny electrode-equipped catheters snaking from veins in [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/heart-beating-music-for-the-unconscious-mind/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Are emotions different in schizophrenia?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A recently published review Alemana and colleagues argue that patients suffering from schizophrenia are different in their emotional experiences. This difference is due to alterations in the functions of specific brain circuits, especially the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the amygdala.


Strange feelings: Do amygdala abnormalities dysregulate the emotional brain in schizophrenia?

André Alemana et al. in  [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/are-emotions-different-in-schizophrenia/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Your body gives away what you think</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Is it possible to predict what people think by looking at their body signals? In a new study Fairclough and colleagues used a range of psychophysiological measures (such as EEG, ECG, and skin conductance) while asking their subjects to perform a demanding task. The researchers were able to use the psychophysiological measures to predict how [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/your-body-gives-away-what-you-think/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Electricity and awakenings in vegetative state</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new study documents the effects of brain stimulation in vegetative state, a paradoxial unconscious state. As it seems, stimulation of the thalami &#8211; deep yet vital parts of the information processing in the brain &#8211; may help patients move from an unconscious state towards a minimally conscious state. As such, these results indicate that [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/electricity-and-awakenings-in-vegetative-state/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The innate mind</title>
		<description><![CDATA[This is the first volume of a projected three-volume set on the subject of innateness. The extent to which the mind is innate is one of the central questions in the human sciences, with important implications for many surrounding debates. By bringing together the top nativist scholars in philosophy, psychology, and allied disciplines these volumes [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/the-innate-mind/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The space between our ears</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In The Space Between our Ears Michael Morgan explains how our brain interprets what we see. Using a wealth of sources from over the centuries including philosophical writings, scientific thinking, experiments, passages from poems and novels, and scenes from films, Morgan reveals the difficulty in working out exactly how we make and receive our visual [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/the-space-between-our-ears/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Brain areas disconnect during deep sleep</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Experiments shed light on what happens to consciousness during sleep.

Article from MSNBC.com reproduced below.


Your brain never stops working. But it does cease talking to itself when you lose consciousness, a new study shows.

Scientists have long wondered what the brain does and doesn&#8217;t do during deep sleep. It remains active, they know. So what&#8217;s the difference [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/brain-areas-disconnect-during-deep-sleep/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The molecular basis of nicotine addition</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

Cigarette smoking and consciousness? To most people they don&#8217;t seem to go together.  But one of the fun things about scientific research is the surprises it brings. This is the story about the chemical basis of nicotine addiction, which is also believed to be one of the important ingredients of the brain basis of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/the-molecular-basis-of-nicotine-addition/</link>
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		<title>Consciousness &amp; Cognition &#8212; special issue on self</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The latest issue of Consciousness &#038; Cognition is a special edition dedicated to the scientific study of &#8220;The brain and its self&#8221;.
For background topics see Wikipedia or SCR articles

Consciousness and Cognition
Volume 14, issue 4 (SPECIAL ISSUE)
The Brain and Its Self
Edited by:  P. Boyer, A.I. Jack, P. Robbins
For more information about this journal visit this [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/consciousness-cognition-special-issue-on-self/</link>
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		<title>Phenomenolgy &amp; the Cognitive Sciences</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The recent issue of Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences contains articles on topics such as:


 self-awareness

 schizophrenia and threat perception

 memory and the brain

 the philosophy of neuroscience


Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences
Volume 4 Number 3 is now available on the Springer web site.


To go directly to the issue, click here


This issue contains:



 Precis of Philosophy [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/phenomenolgy-the-cognitive-sciences/</link>
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		<title>Discovery localizes visual awareness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new discovery published in PNAS, from researchers at Dartmouth College and the Barrow Neurological Institute offers new insight into the localization of visual awareness of simple unattended targets in the visual system.

Open this post to read the full press release.


Press release

Tse PU, Martinez-Conde S, Schlegel AA, Macknik SL, (2005), “Visibility and visual masking of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/discovery-localizes-visual-awareness/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Making your brain crave a cola</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Jay Ingram reports in The Star about some evidence that subliminal ads work.


As part of the effort to publicize my book Theatre of the Mind, I recently visited a variety of Canadian cities giving talks. Whenever I mentioned the fact that we are able to take in information unconsciously, someone in the audience would ask [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/making-your-brain-crave-a-cola/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Reward, hedonic experience and the brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In a recent paper in Nature Neuroscience, Morten Kringelbach summarizes the research on orbitofrontal cortex and its relation in organizing behaviour. In this paper, Kringelbach presents a new, integrated model of the functions of the orbitofrontal cortex.


THE HUMAN ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX: LINKING REWARD TO HEDONIC EXPERIENCE
By Morten L. Kringelbach


Nature Reviews Neuroscience 6, 691-702 (2005)


Abstract


Hedonic experience is [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/reward-hedonic-experience-and-the-brain/</link>
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		<title>Synesthesia: When colors count</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Is synaesthesia only a conscious phenomenon, or does it reflect processing even at unconscious levels also? A recent study finds that unconscious synaesthetic priming can occur.


Daria Knoch et al.
Cognitive Brain Research 25 (1), p. 372-374


Abstract

A tacitly held assumption in synesthesia research is the unidirectionality of digit–color associations. This notion is based on synesthetes&#8217; report that [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/synesthesia-when-colors-count/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Reminder: ASSC William James Prize</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The deadline for the ASSC William James Prize for Contributions to the Study of Consciousness is 15. December.

ASSOCIATION FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF CONSCIOUSNESS (ASSC)

The ASSC William James Prize for Contributions to the Study of Consciousness


Each year one prize is awarded for an outstanding published contribution to the empirical or philosophical study of consciousness by [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/reminder-assc-william-james-prize/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>New Scientist special feature about the brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[JUST LAUNCHED: THE HUMAN BRAIN &#8211; our thought-provoking special report. With one billion nerve cells, the complexity of the brain is mind-boggling. Follow the latest discoveries, plus our Expert Guide, including an interactive graphic, Top Ten, FAQs and more&#8230;

New Scientist


TZR


]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/new-scientist-special-feature-about-the-brain/</link>
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		<title>Loss of brain signal points to difference between visual imagery and perception</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In a recent brain imaging study published in Neuron, Amedi and colleagues demonstrates that visual imagery deactivates areas in the auditory brain system and other &#8220;deeper&#8221; areas. This seems to suggest that normal visual perception requires a merging of information from many senses. In this sense, it seems that other sensory areas such as hearing [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/loss-of-brain-signal-points-to-difference-between-visual-imagery-and-perception/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Cognition &amp; Emotion</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new issue of C&#38;E is out, including articles on 


 the relation between emotional awareness and attention, and psychological needs

 the relationship between emotions and decision making and complex problem solving

 the effects of mood on memory

 mate preferences in newly wed couples vs. three years later


To see the content, open this post

or visit [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/cognition-emotion-2/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Empirical evidence and common sense of the mind</title>
		<description><![CDATA[How does empirical evidence in psychology and psychiatry impact on common-sense and philosophical accounts of the mind?

A new conference in Birmingham.


How does empirical evidence in psychology and psychiatry impact on common-sense and philosophical accounts of the mind?

Royal Institute of Philosophy at Birmingham University

PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY

One-day conference

13th May, 2006

University of Birmingham

Arts Building, Lecture room 3


Professor [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/empirical-evidence-and-common-sense-of-the-mind/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Best Visual Illusion of the Year Contest</title>
		<description><![CDATA[We are very happy to announce that the new and improved Best Visual Illusion of the Year Contest website has now been launched!!

Visit the site and see the 2005 winning illusions!



The Best Visual Illusion of the Year Contest is a celebration of the ingenuity and creativity of the world’s premier visual illusion research community. 

Submit [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/best-visual-illusion-of-the-year-contest/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>Neuroethics: the sequelae of brain science</title>
		<description><![CDATA[This web resource focuses on the ways in which neuroscience is influencing our understanding of ourselves as conscious beings with agency, etc. and has specific pages on consciousness, science &#38; the soul, and agency &#38; moral responsiblity. 

Neuroethics at upenn.edu


]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/neuroethics-the-sequelae-of-brain-science/</link>
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		<title>Autism May Be Linked to Enlarged Brain Region</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The brains of children with autism may be bigger than those of children who do not suffer from the disorder, according to a new study.


Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), researchers found evidence of brain enlargement in a number of children with autism.

Autism is a complex disorder that leads to social and communication problems and repetitive [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/autism-may-be-linked-to-enlarged-brain-region/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The Three-Pound Enigma</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The Three-Pound Enigma: The Human Brain and the Quest to Unlock Its Mysteries by Shannon Moffett

At the end of the day, what makes you you?


Bookslut


Author Shannon Moffett attempts to answer that question, among others, in The Three-Pound Enigma: The Human Brain and the Quest to Unlock Its Mysteries. In an age when we are becoming [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/the-three-pound-enigma/</link>
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		<title>Smell</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Research on smell &#8211; what scientists call olfaction &#8211; is discussed in the December issue of the Reader&#8217;s Digest magazine in an article by Paula Dranov. She explains how smells are composed of molecules that bind to our smell receptors located at the top of the nasal cavity. According to Nobel Prize-winner Linda Buck &#8220;A [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/smell/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>Remember this article to improve your memory</title>
		<description><![CDATA[If you drive yourself nuts trying to remember someone&#8217;s name, where you put your car keys or when the next meeting is scheduled at work you&#8217;re not alone.
This sort of stumbling is more common these days, and it&#8217;s not just the aging baby boomers that are feeling the impact. People in their mid-20s are complaining [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/remember-this-article-to-improve-your-memory/</link>
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		<title>Memory-altering drugs may rewrite your past</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Drugs that rid people of terrifying memories could be a lifeline for many. But could they have a sinister side too?

&#8220;REMEMBER September 11, 2001, when you first heard the news about the World Trade Center attacks? Remember where you were when you saw those images? Now, think back to September 10. It was only one [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/memory-altering-drugs-may-rewrite-your-past/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>WELCOME To The New SCR!</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

Welcome to the new edition of Science &#038; Consciousness Review.
I particularly want to thank Virgil Griffith, who programmed the new site and made it much easier to use, while Thomas Ramsøy and Sidney d&#8217;Mello faithfully kept the flow of SCR articles alive. Thomas was also deeply involved in developing SCR 2.0, and has now become [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/12/welcome-to-the-new-scr/</link>
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		<title>Applying global workspace theory to the frame problem</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Abstract
The subject of this article is the frame problem, as conceived by certain cognitive scientists and philosophers of mind, notably Fodor for whom it stands as a fundamental obstacle to progress in cognitive science. The challenge is to explain the capacity of so-called informationally unencapsulated cognitive processes to deal effectively with information from potentially any [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/applying-global-workspace-theory-to-the-frame-problem/</link>
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		<title>The Emotional Brain, Part 1 of 4: Sexual Desire</title>
		<description><![CDATA[ALL IN THE MIND with Julie Browning
The Emotional Brain, Part 1 of 4: Sexual Desire

Saturday, 26 November, 1.30pm, repeat Wednesday, 30 November, 9pm


Instead of being the fount of irrationality, emotions are now viewed as integral to intelligent action. What can contemporary science and philosophy tell us about ouremotional selves? This four-part series gets underway with [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/the-emotional-brain-part-1-of-4-sexual-desire/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Priming involuntary autobiographical memories</title>
		<description><![CDATA[John H. Mace
University of New Haven, CT, USA


Abstract

Involuntary autobiographical memories occur frequently in daily life and are usually triggered by cues in one&#8217;s environment. This study investigated the possibility that priming plays a role in the production of involuntary memories.

In Study 1, participants recorded their involuntary memories in a diary for 14 days and then [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/priming-involuntary-autobiographical-memories/</link>
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		<title>The origins of social emotions and self‐regulation in toddlerhood: New evidenc</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Karen Caplovitz Barrett
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA


Abstract

In recent years, there has been increased attention to the development of “moral,” “social”, or “self‐conscious” emotions, such as embarrassment, shame, and pride, in 2‐ and 3‐year olds. In the present study, 17‐month‐olds&#8217; behaviours in several contexts were observed; and observations of behaviours of their parents were [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/the-origins-of-social-emotions-and-self%e2%80%90regulation-in-toddlerhood-new-evidenc/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>You must be looking at me: The nature of gaze perception in schizophrenia patie</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Christine Hooker and Sohee Park

Introduction

Accurately identifying gaze direction is an important component of successful social interaction. Preliminary research indicates that schizophrenia patients have deficits in gaze perception, but the nature of this deficit is still unclear. The current study investigates whether nonspecific perceptual abnormalities could explain gaze perception deficits and whether schizophrenia patients show a [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/you-must-be-looking-at-me-the-nature-of-gaze-perception-in-schizophrenia-patie/</link>
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		<title>Feelings you can&#8217;t imagine: towards a cognitive neuroscience of alexithymia</title>
		<description><![CDATA[André Aleman
BCN NeuroImaging Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands


Alexithymia, or ‘no words for feelings’, refers to an impairment of the ability to identify and communicate one&#8217;s emotional state, in addition to diminished affect-related fantasy and imagery. A recent study by Mantani et al. reported reduced activation of the posterior cingulate cortex in people with [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/feelings-you-cant-imagine-towards-a-cognitive-neuroscience-of-alexithymia/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>What makes a route appear longer?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[What makes a route appear longer? An experimental perspective on features, route segmentation, and distance knowledge

Petra Jansen-Osmann A1 and Bettina Berendt A2


A1 Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

A2 Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany


Abstract:


Five experiments performed in a desktop virtual-reality setting investigated the influence of environmental features—that is, noticeable landmarks along the route—on distance estimation. Landmarks [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/what-makes-a-route-appear-longer/</link>
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		<title>Essentials of Clinical Hypnosis  : An Evidence-Based Approach</title>
		<description><![CDATA[As in the field of psychology generally, within the area of hypnosis there is often a gap between the world of the laboratory and the world of clinical practice. Many clinicians complain that most research in hypnosis fails to address the issues that they confront daily in their practices. On the other side of the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/essentials-of-clinical-hypnosis-an-evidence-based-approach/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>The Function of Phenomenal States: Supramodular Interaction Theory.</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Discovering the function of phenomenal states remains a formidable scientific challenge. Research on consciously penetrable conflicts (e.g., &#8220;pain-for-gain&#8221; scenarios) and impenetrable conflicts (as in the pupillary reflex, ventriloquism, and the McGurk effect (H. McGurk &#38; J. MacDonald, 1976() reveals that these states integrate diverse kinds of information to yield adaptive action. Supramodular interaction theory proposes [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/the-function-of-phenomenal-states-supramodular-interaction-theory/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Individual brain differences in controlling access to working memory</title>
		<description><![CDATA[New study of access to working memory.

Nature 438, 500-503 (24 November 2005) &#124; doi:10.1038/nature04171

Neural measures reveal individual differences in controlling access to working memory


Edward K. Vogel, Andrew W. McCollough and Maro G. Machizawa


First paragraph:

The capacity of visual short-term memory is highly limited, maintaining only three to four objects simultaneously. This extreme limitation necessitates efficient mechanisms [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/individual-brain-differences-in-controlling-access-to-working-memory/</link>
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		<title>Pain: From molecules to suffering</title>
		<description><![CDATA[What is pain: a sensation, an experience, a symptom, or even a disease? 

We are all familiar with this deceptively simple term, but when it comes to description simplicity ends. No single definition seems to be able to encapsulate all the nuances of pain, which range from simple sensations to complex emotional experiences such as [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/pain-from-molecules-to-suffering/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>A Global Workspace perspective on mental disorders</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Rodrcik Wallace has uploaded a manuscript to CogPrints

Abstract

Recent developments in Global Workspace theory suggest that human consciousness can suffer interpenetrating dysfunctions of mutual and reciprocal interaction with embedding environments which will have early onset and often insidiously staged developmental progression, possibly according to a cancer model. A simple rate distortion argument implies that, if an [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/a-global-workspace-perspective-on-mental-disorders/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>New Science &amp; Consciousness Review is Live!</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Update Oct 3, 2006 &#8212; This was our brief experiment with the TikiWiki CMS.  We eventually switched.
This page probably looks different from how you remebered it.  After a brief hiatus for reconstruction, the Science &#038; Consciousness Review is back.  Not only do we have fancy a new layout, but also a number [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/new-science-consciousness-review-is-live/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Wikibooks: Consciousness studies</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new &#8220;Wikibook&#8221; has appeared on the subject of consciousness. Is the SCR forum up to it?

Wikibooks are electronic books that are part of the Wikimedia program of Open Publishing. The book can be found at:


Wikibooks


The book is freely available on the Internet and in my opinion it is a remarkably wide ranging attempt at [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/wikibooks-consciousness-studies/</link>
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		<title>Breakdown of Cortical Effective Connectivity During Sleep</title>
		<description><![CDATA[When we fall asleep, consciousness fades yet the brain remains active. Why is this so?

Massimini et al

Science, Vol 309, Issue 5744, 2228-2232 , 30 September 2005


To investigate whether changes in cortical information transmission play a role, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation together with high-density electroencephalography and asked how the activation of one cortical area (the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/breakdown-of-cortical-effective-connectivity-during-sleep/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Birth of consciousness in brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Italian team pinpoints origin of consciousness


Rome, September 29 &#8211; Italian researchers have discovered the &#8220;birthplace&#8221; of consciousness, a breakthrough that could eventually help cure a variety of medical conditions.

While it has long been accepted that consciousness develops in a certain part of the brain, Marcello Massimini and Giulio Tononi have located its precise point of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/birth-of-consciousness-in-brain/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Dreaming: Two book reviews</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

Dreaming: Two Book Reviews
Dreaming and 13 Dreams are the two most recent of several books by Professor Hobson that summarize his many years of research on dreams and the sleeping brain. Hobson is an excellent writer, and so these books are a pleasure to read. In them he delivers much of the current knowledge on [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/dreaming-two-book-reviews/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>De la Mettrie&#8217;s Ghost</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A powerful new view of the human brain and free will


DE LA METTRIE&#8217;S GHOST
The Story of Decisions


by Chris Nunn


This book is about how we make choices. It is a compelling analysis of the nature of free will, drawing together evidence from chemistry, literature, politics, history and beyond.


In DE LA METTRIE&#8217;S GHOST, psychiatrist Chris Nunn elegantly [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/de-la-mettries-ghost/</link>
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		<title>Emotion and consciousness: Ends of a continuum</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Alexandrov et al.

Cognitive Brain Research

Volume 25, Issue 2 , October 2005, Pages 387-405


We suggest a united concept of consciousness and emotion, based on the systemic cognitive neuroscience perspective regarding organisms as active and goal-directed. We criticize the idea that consciousness and emotion are psychological phenomena having quite different neurophysiological mechanisms. We argue that both characterize [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/emotion-and-consciousness-ends-of-a-continuum/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Brain cells may know more than you let on by your behaviour</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Thunderstorm clouds ominously darken the horizon. We nonetheless go out without an umbrella because we are distracted and forget. But do we? Neurobiologists carried out experiments that prove for the first time that the brain remembers, even if we don’t and the umbrella stays behind.


We often make unwise choices although we should know better. Thunderstorm [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/brain-cells-may-know-more-than-you-let-on-by-your-behaviour/</link>
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		<title>ABSTRACT DEADLINE: Toward a Science of Consciousness 2006</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The deadline for abstract submission for talks and/or posters for

Toward a Science of Consciousness 2006

April 4-8, 2006

Tucson, Arizona

see Tucson 2006


has been extended till November 15, 2005. Submissions for poster only will be accepted through end January. Submitters will be notified on about January 1, 2006 of their status. Registration by end January required for inclusion [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/11/abstract-deadline-toward-a-science-of-consciousness-2006/</link>
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		<title>Best Visual Illusion of the Year Contest &#8212; 2006</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Due to popular demand: We are happy to announce the world’s 2nd annual Best Visual Illusion of the Year Contest &#8212; 2006!!


The 1st annual contest, held at ECVP 2005 in A Coruña, Spain, was a huge success, which drew numerous accolades from attendees as well as
international media coverage. The First, Second and Third Prize winners [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/09/best-visual-illusion-of-the-year-contest-2006/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Placebo effect is not all in the mind</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Scientists in the United States have shown that the brain makes a distinct chemical response when patients are given a treatment they expect to work, shedding light on how therapies that have no active ingredients can nonetheless have medical benefits.

Many established medical treatments, particularly alternative and complementary therapies, are thought to rely partially or even [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/09/placebo-effect-is-not-all-in-the-mind/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>A new pathway to pathology?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[It&#8217;s not every day that a new anatomical pathway is discovered, so the recent finding that the primate thalamus receives dopaminergic inputs from various brain regions was bound to be greeted with interest. This robust and complex dopaminergic system could explain thalamic abnormalities that have been reported in conditions such as schizophrenia and Parkinson&#8217;s disease.


Nature [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/09/a-new-pathway-to-pathology/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Baby study suggests beauty is not in the eye of the beholder</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Babies come into the world with a genetic predisposition to favouring pretty faces rather than ugly ones, according to a new study.

The five-year programme at Exeter University was the first to examine newborn infants’ reactions to a series of 30 photographs of female faces.Dr Alan Slater, a psychology lecturer in child infancy who led the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/09/baby-study-suggests-beauty-is-not-in-the-eye-of-the-beholder/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Chimps to People: Apes show contrasts in genetic makeup</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Despite sharing much of their genetic identity with people, chimpanzees exhibit previously unappreciated DNA distinctions, according to the first rigorous comparisons of the two species&#8217; complete genetic sequences.


The new research &#8220;dramatically narrows the search for the key biological differences between the species,&#8221; says geneticist Robert Waterston of the University of Washington School of Medicine in [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/09/chimps-to-people-apes-show-contrasts-in-genetic-makeup/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Battle in the brain predicts risky behaviour</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Pleasure and anxiety centres decide when a safe bet beats a dicey one.


Deciding between a risky financial investment and a safe one sets two parts of the brain into competition, say researchers in California.

As centres for pleasure and anxiety battle it out, a simple brain scan of the two can actually predict what a person [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/09/battle-in-the-brain-predicts-risky-behaviour/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Radical Nature</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
A review of Radical Nature: Rediscovering the Soul of Matter by Christian de Quincey
This book might have been more accurately titled, The Mind-Body Question: Once More with Feeling!, because – to skip right to the end as if it were a mystery novel – de Quincey concludes that we can solve the mind-body problem only [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/09/radical-nature-2/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Fishing For Birds</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A crafty killer whale has devised a new way to catch a tasty bite. The orca spits regurgitated fish onto the surface of the water &#8211; and then waits. When a passing gull dives for the bait, the whale lunges at the feathery treat with open jaws. What&#8217;s more, the trick was picked up by [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/09/fishing-for-birds/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Fetuses may not feel pain until week 30</title>
		<description><![CDATA[They are &#8220;unlikely&#8221; to be able to feel pain until the last stage of pregnancy, a controversial US study claims, adding to the debate on abortion laws.


Fetuses are unlikely to be able to feel pain until the last stage of pregnancy, a controversial new US study suggests.

The analysis of medical literature relating to fetal pain [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/09/fetuses-may-not-feel-pain-until-week-30/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Erotic images can turn you blind</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Researchers have finally found evidence for what good Catholic boys have known all along – erotic images make you go blind. The effect is temporary and lasts just a moment, but the research has added to road-safety campaigners’ calls to ban sexy billboard-advertising near busy roads, in the hope of preventing accidents.



 NewScientist.com news service

 [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/09/erotic-images-can-turn-you-blind/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>&#8216;Thoughts read&#8217; via brain scans</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Scientists say they have been able to monitor people&#8217;s thoughts via scans of their brains.


Scientists say they have been able to monitor people&#8217;s thoughts via scans of their brains.

BBC News


Teams at University College London and University of California in LA could tell what images people were looking at or what sounds they were listening to.


The [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/09/thoughts-read-via-brain-scans/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>New issue &#8212; Cognition &amp; Emotion</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Volume 19 Number 5/August 2005 of Cognition &#38; Emotion is now available on the Taylor &#38; Francis &#8211; Psychology Press web site


Volume 19 Number 5/August 2005 of Cognition &#38; Emotion is now available on the Taylor &#38; Francis &#8211; Psychology Press web site



This issue contains:


A dimensional approach to vocal expression of emotion, by Petri Laukka, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/09/new-issue-cognition-emotion/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>“Sleights of mind”: Delusions, defences, and self‐deception</title>
		<description><![CDATA[How do delusions occur? A recent review discusses two models; a motivational approach and a cognitive deficit approach.


Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
Issue: Volume 10, Number 4 / August 2005

Pages: 305 &#8211; 326




Abstract


Two different modes of theorising about delusions are explored. On the one hand is the motivational approach, which regards delusions as serving a defensive, palliative, even potentially [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/09/%e2%80%9csleights-of-mind%e2%80%9d-delusions-defences-and-self%e2%80%90deception/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Theory of mind in schizophrenia: A critical review</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A recent review claims that there is considerable evidence that ToM is impaired in people with schizophrenia.


Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 	   	 
Volume 10, Number 4 / August 2005


Abstract


Introduction. Frith&#8217;s (1992) neuropsychological theory of schizophrenia posits a number of fundamental cognitive impairments underpinning the characteristic symptoms of this disorder. One of these is an impairment in [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/09/theory-of-mind-in-schizophrenia-a-critical-review/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Is self special?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Many of the claims for the special status of self-related processing are premature given the evidence and that the various self-related research programs do not seem to be illuminating a unitary, common system, despite individuals&#8217; subjective experience of a unified self


Is self special? A critical review of evidence from experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience.

Gillihan SJ, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/09/is-self-special/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Male and female voices activate distinct regions in the male brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The results of this study demonstrate that, in the male brain, the perception of male and female voices activates distinct brain regions.


NeuroImage
Volume 27, Issue 3 , September 2005, Pages 572-578




Abstract


In schizophrenia, auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are likely to be perceived as gender-specific. Given that functional neuro-imaging correlates of AVHs involve multiple brain regions principally including [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/09/male-and-female-voices-activate-distinct-regions-in-the-male-brain/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The sleep cycle: a mathematical analysis from a global workspace perspective</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Combining Dretske&#8217;s AIM model and Baars&#8217; Global Workspace model provides new insights into sleep and abnormal brain states.


Wallace, Rodrick (2005) The sleep cycle: a mathematical analysis from a global workspace perspective.



Abstract


Dretske&#8217;s invocation of necessary conditions from communication theory in the characterization of mental process serves as a basis for deriving Hobson&#8217;s AIM treatment of the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/09/the-sleep-cycle-a-mathematical-analysis-from-a-global-workspace-perspective/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Neuroeconomics: making risky choices in the brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In a recent study macaques consistently take the riskier option, and posterior cingulate cortex neurons represent the riskiness of those choices


Choosing to accept enough risk, but not too much, is an important survival skill, and depending on the circumstances, animals may either seek or avoid risk. Given the choice between a sure bet and a [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/09/neuroeconomics-making-risky-choices-in-the-brain/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Neural mechanisms involved in error processing</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Anterior cingulate is not sufficient for conscious awareness of errors or post-error adaptation of response strategies


Neural mechanisms involved in error processing: A comparison of errors made with and without awareness



NeuroImage

Volume 27, Issue 3 , September 2005, Pages 602-608




Abstract


The ability to detect an error in one&#8217;s own performance and then to improve ongoing performance based on [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/09/neural-mechanisms-involved-in-error-processing/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>ASSC 10 &#8212; CALL FOR SYMPOSIA &amp; TUTORIAL PROPOSALS</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The tenth annual meeting of the Association for the Scientific Study  of Consciousness will be held from June 23rd to June 26th, 2006 in  Oxford. The meeting will be notable not only for being the tenth  anniversary ASSC meeting, but will also take place in the very  pleasant surroundings of St. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/09/assc-10-call-for-symposia-tutorial-proposals/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The Memory Prediction Theater</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
A synthesis of Bernard Baars’ Global Workspace Theory, Jeff Hawkins’ Memory Prediction Framework, and Dale Antanitus’ Theory of Cortical Neuron-Astrocyte Interaction yields a new explanation for how consciousness manifests in the brain.
The Million Euro Question
My purpose with this article is to lay before you a new hypothesis of human cognition, one that anchors consciousness more [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/08/the-memory-prediction-theater/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Radiant Cool &#8212; a book review</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

Philosopher Dan Lloyd has given us a unique book: a novel about the brain, the mind, and consciousness. And, the title and jacket cover suggest that it is the vehicle for a new theory for understanding consciousness and the brain.
This is a multi-faceted book. First, it is a novel, thus a work of literature. Second, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/07/radiant-cool-a-book-review/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Global Workspace Theory: An interview with Bernard Baars</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

An interview with Bernard J. Baars
RAMSØY
Professor Baars, since your 1988 book, you have suggested that consciousness is built on a “global workspace” architecture. Could you explain exactly what you mean by this?
BAARS
If you carefully line up matched conscious and unconscious processes, like explicit vs. implicit cognition, conscious vs. automatic aspects of control, implicit vs. explicit [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/07/global-workspace-theory-an-interview-with-bernard-baars/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The Best Studies in the Science of Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The aim of this research is to identify the most influential scientific studies of consciousness. It takes 15-20 minutes to complete and has two parts. The first part asks what you think are the most important scientific studies of consciousness, and why. The second part asks you some general demographic information (this information will not [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/05/the-best-studies-in-the-science-of-consciousness/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Breakthrough study on EEG of meditation</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

Long-term meditators self-induce high-amplitude gamma synchrony during mental practice, by Antoine Lutz, Lawrence L. Greischar, Nancy B. Rawlings, Mathieu Ricard and Richard J. Davidson, in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 101(46)16369-16373, 2004
The challenge in studying consciousness has always been to match subjective, first person accounts with objective, third person measurements. Consciousness [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/05/breakthrough-study-on-eeg-of-meditation/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The brain and its self</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The main message of this monograph is that the appearance of the mammalian brain with the ability to acquire drives ensured the development of social life, and eventually led to the evolution of the human society. This most sophisticated form of organized life on earth is still in the trial and error phase of its [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/05/the-brain-and-its-self/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Decoding the visual and subjective contents of the human brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, Kamitani and Tong demonstrate that the activity in early visual areas correlate closely with the perceived orientation of a stimulus. This work provides a demonstration of how higher resolution neuroimaging can be used and inform the scientific models of consciousness.


Nature Neuroscience 8, 679 &#8211; 685 (2005)
Published online: 24 April 2005; [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/05/decoding-the-visual-and-subjective-contents-of-the-human-brain/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Brain Control of Wakefulness and Sleeping</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Brain Control of Wakefulness and Sleeping explores the history of efforts to understand the nature of waking and sleeping states from a biological point of view. This research represents the synthesis of the work of two individuals who have devoted their careers to investigating the mysterious states of the mind. This landmark book will interest [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/05/brain-control-of-wakefulness-and-sleeping/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Right-to-die case highlights brain mysteries</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Researchers are still far from full understanding of vegetative states.  

The bitter wrangle over the fate of an American brain-damaged woman has thrown up both legal and ethical conundrums. But it has also highlighted neurologists&#8217; dearth of knowledge about the brain&#8217;s workings after injury.


Terri Schiavo&#8217;s case has raised scientific questions as well as inflaming [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/04/right-to-die-case-highlights-brain-mysteries/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Autobiographical memory and the self in time</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In Brain &#38; Cognition, Brian Levine argues that the emergence of autobiographical recollection at around age four coincides with the timing of prefrontal regressive cortical and progressive white matter changes.


Autobiographical remembering reflects an advanced state of consciousness that mediates awareness of the self as continuous across time. In naturalistic autobiographical memory, self-aware recollection of temporally [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/04/autobiographical-memory-and-the-self-in-time/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The Role of Dreams in the Evolution of the Human Mind</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In a new article in Human Nature Review, Franklin et al. argue that &#8220;Rather than a simple threat rehearsal mechanism, it is argued that
dreams reflect a more general virtual rehearsal mechanism that is likely to play an important role in the development of human cognitive capacities.&#8221;


The Role of Dreams in the Evolution of the Human [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/04/the-role-of-dreams-in-the-evolution-of-the-human-mind/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Imagination gets its due as a real-world thinking tool</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Kids make some unusual friends. Take Simpy, an 8-year-old girl with blue skin and black eyes who likes funny clothes. Then, there&#8217;s Skateboard Guy. He wears cool shirts and performs amazing tricks on his fancy board, even though he&#8217;s small enough to chill out in a child&#8217;s pants pockets. Alicia is only a couple inches [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/04/imagination-gets-its-due-as-a-real-world-thinking-tool/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Animal Bodies, Human Minds: Ape, Dolphin, and Parrot Language Skills</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Several books chronicle attempts, most of them during the last 40 years, to teach animals to communicate with people in a human-designed language. These books have typically treated only one or two species, or even one or a few research projects. 

We have provided a more encompassing view of this field. We also want to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/04/animal-bodies-human-minds-ape-dolphin-and-parrot-language-skills/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Face blindness runs in families</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The genetic basis of a distressing neurological condition that prevents people from recognising faces has been pinned down. The finding may help people cope with the impairment, which the researchers believe may affect 1 in 50 people from birth.


Face blindness runs in families

   * From New Scientist


The genetic basis of a distressing neurological [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/04/face-blindness-runs-in-families/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>A Neural Theory of Visual Attention: Bridging Cognition and Neurophysiology.</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Building on Claus Bundesens work on attention, this article presents an updated framework for his theory of visual attention.


A Neural Theory of Visual Attention: Bridging Cognition and Neurophysiology.

by Bundesen, Claus; Habekost, Thomas; Kyllingsb&#230;k, Soren

from Psychological Review. 2005 Apr Vol 112(2) 291-328


A neural theory of visual attention (NTVA) is presented. NTVA is a neural interpretation of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/04/a-neural-theory-of-visual-attention-bridging-cognition-and-neurophysiology/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The Evolution and Function of Cognition</title>
		<description><![CDATA[&#8220;The book presents the author&#8217;s ambitious attempt to formulate a general theory of how all animals (from the most primitive to the most complex, hence humans included) deal with their environment.&#8221;


Review of
The Evolution and Function of Cognition.

by Schaeken, Walter

from Experimental Psychology. 2005 No Month Specified Vol 52(2) 165-166


Reviews the book &#8220;The Evolution and Function of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/04/the-evolution-and-function-of-cognition/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Cognition &amp; Emotion Vol X; Issue Y</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A recent publication discusses the different stages of the so-called post-traumatic amnesic period, including brain death,coma, vegetative state and minimaly conscious state.


Brain function in coma, vegetative state, and related disorders.
Laureys S, Owen AM, Schiff ND.


Lancet Neurol. 2004 Sep;3(9):537-46


Abstract

We review the nosological criteria and functional neuroanatomical basis for brain death, coma, vegetative state, minimally conscious state, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/04/cognition-emotion-vol-x-issue-y/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Dreaming</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new (and very interesting) volume of Dreaming is now out. It includes a discussion between William Domhoff and J. Allan Hobson about the compability between Hobson&#8217;s and Mark Solms&#8217; theories of dreaming.


A new (and very interesting) volume of Dreaming is now out.

You can find it here

Refocusing the Neurocognitive Approach to Dreams: A Critique of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/04/dreaming/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Why subjective consciousness?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
I needn&#8217;t remind the readers of Science and Consciousness Review of the many different meanings of the word &#8220;consciousness.&#8221; Some of these lend themselves to scientific study. In Baars&#8217; A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness, Table 10.1 lists nine different functions of consciousness (1988, p. 349). But, what of subjective (phenomenal) consciousness, that is, first-person consciousness? [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/04/why-subjective-consciousness/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>fMRI reveals large-scale network activation in minimally conscious patients</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The first fMRI maps of cortical activity associated with language processing and tactile stimulation of patients in the minimally conscious state (MCS) are presented. These findings of active cortical networks that serve language functions suggest that some MCS patients may retain widely distributed cortical systems with potential for cognitive and sensory function despite their inability [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/03/fmri-reveals-large-scale-network-activation-in-minimally-conscious-patients/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The reticular nucleus revisited</title>
		<description><![CDATA[What is the role of the thalamic nuclei in consciousness? In a recent article by Fuentealba and Steriade discusses the inhibutory neurotransmitter GABA and its role in the early sleep stages.

The reticular nucleus revisited: Intrinsic and network properties of a thalamic pacemaker
Pablo Fuentealba and Mircea Steriade
Progress in Neurobiology
Volume 75, Issue 2 , February 2005, Pages [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/03/the-reticular-nucleus-revisited/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>ASSC-9 &#8212; Call for papers</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The ninth annual meeting of the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness will be held from June 24th to June 27th, 2005, at the C California Institute of Technology. Caltech is a small and focussed research university, with 29 Nobel laureates among its faculty and alumni, located in Pasadena, California. 

About twenty minutes from [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/03/assc-9-call-for-papers/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The lobotomist</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Today the word &#8220;lobotomy&#8221; evokes images of medical savagery: innocent lives wrecked by experimental procedures and misguided psychiatrists using the insane as guinea pigs.  The man behind this controversial surgical procedure, whose tireless advocacy led to 50,000 lobotomies performed in the United States, is the subject of a new biography by Jack El- Hai. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/03/the-lobotomist/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Evolutionary developmental psychopathology</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Clinical taxonomy will tend to reflect a nonepistemic agenda that is itself mutable according to the strictures established by prevailing norms and resources. This conclusion implies that the search for a single scheme of psychiatric classification capable of serving the needs of both researchers and clinicians may well be futile.


EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

by

Ian Pitchford


In contemporary psychiatry [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/03/evolutionary-developmental-psychopathology/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>New fMRI study of conscious perception</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new study documents the effects of conscious perception in the brain.


]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/03/new-fmri-study-of-conscious-perception/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Piaget&#8217;s stages &#8211; the unfinished symphony of cognitive development</title>
		<description><![CDATA[After a period during which Piaget&#8217;s work in developmental psychology went into serious decline as a central force in the field, it has once again gained considerable interest to theorists and researchers. The purpose of the current discussion is to reconsider Piaget&#8217;s stage construct so that a revised version is viable within the psychological part [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/03/piagets-stages-the-unfinished-symphony-of-cognitive-development/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Essential sources in the scientific study of consciousness.</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
This volume, by Baars, Banks, Newman, is easily the cornerstone of a professional library on the scientific study of consciousness. In it are found no less than 68 articles, both theoretical pieces and research reports, that represent seminal contributions as well as contemporary offerings to this burgeoning field. The articles are organized into topics such [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/03/essential-sources-in-the-scientific-study-of-consciousness/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Pointing the quest in the proper direction</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Thanks to Christof Koch for his response to my critique of his book “The Quest for Consciousness”. I believe this type of debate is quite useful, and take the opportunity here to reply to the three major points he raised.
Gap junction hyper-neurons
Regarding my suggestion that gap junction-connected neurons (“hyper-neurons”) may be the neural correlate of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/03/pointing-the-quest-in-the-proper-direction/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Threat in Dreams: A Response to Threat Simulation Theory</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A. Revonsuo (2000b) proposed an evolutionary theory of dreaming, stating it is a threat simulation mechanism that allowed early humans to rehearse threat perception and avoidance without biological cost. 

The present study aimed to establish the proportion of dreams containing physical threats to the dreamer, whether these represent realistic life-threatening events, and whether the dreamer [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/01/threat-in-dreams-a-response-to-threat-simulation-theory/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Shadow of perception in schizophrenia</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In the latest Nature Neurosicence, Jane Qiu reviews some of the recent theories of schizophrenia indicating that the desease is caused not by any particular brain region, but rather a global across the board problem in neuronal circuit integrity. Link


]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/01/shadow-of-perception-in-schizophrenia/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Change blindness: past, present, and future</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Daniel Simons along with Ron Rensink have published a new article on Change blindness.  Although there has been must discussion on the issue already, they provide a much needed analysis of its real and fictional implications.


Change blindness: past, present, and future 

Daniel J. Simons,  and Ronald A. Rensink

Departments of Psychology and Computer Science, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/01/change-blindness-past-present-and-future/</link>
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		<title>The truth about lies</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Nature.com has an article on using fMRI as a new enhanced form of polygraph by Rachel Jones.  Although interesting, is &#8220;More activity&#8221; in the brain an indication of lying? I don&#8217;t find that very good! Using fMRI, especially BOLD measures, we KNOW that each individual has a different BOLD response. So, although you can [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2005/01/the-truth-about-lies/</link>
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		<title>Re: The Quest for Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
In Stuart Hameroff&#8217;s review of my book, The Quest for Consciousness: A Neurobiological Approach,  he praises many attributes of its empirical program to explore the neural basis of consciousness that the late Francis Crick and I have been advocating for years. Stuart also cites instances where he and I differ as to which evidence [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2004/12/re-the-quest-for-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>50,000 Year-Old Blend</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

Review of The Way We Think (Fauconnier and Turner, 2002)
Written by Jonathan Smallwood
My experience (and my colleagues assure me that I am not alone) of undergraduate psychology, particularly in my first year, can be summarised in one statement: neither nature nor nurture, in isolation, can provide a comprehensive account of human behaviour.  I was [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2004/12/50000-year-old-blend/</link>
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		<title>The emergence of Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
The emergence of consciousness
Richard A. Sieb,
Department of Neuroscience, University of Alberta
Abstract
Consciousness is the primary aspect of our lives. The true nature of consciousness (its subjectivity and intentionality) has resisted scientific explanation for centuries. This has important implications for scientific understanding and progress, as well as for the study and treatment of medical disorders, most of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2004/12/the-emergence-of-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>Core mechanisms in &quot;theory of mind&quot;</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Abstract Our ability to understand the thoughts and feelings of other people does not initially develop as a theory but as a mechanism. The &#8216;theory of mind&#8217; mechanism (ToMM) is part of the core architecture of the human brain, and is specialized for learning about mental states. Impaired development of this mechanism can have drastic [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2004/12/core-mechanisms-in-theory-of-mind/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>The Origin of Mind</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Darwin considered an understanding of the evolution of the human mind and brain to be of major importance to the evolutionary sciences. This ground-breaking book sets out a comprehensive, integrated theory of why and how the human mind has developed to function as it does. Geary proposes that human motivational, affective, behavioral, and cognitive systems [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2004/12/the-origin-of-mind/</link>
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		<title>Levels of Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Reflective, primary, core, extended, recursive, and minimal consciousness&#8211; What do all these new concepts mean?
As Bernard Baars notes in his 2002 SCR news story, scientific interest in consciousness is expanding at a very rapid rate. A quick glance at the SCR archive and the articles it contains reveals that a great variety of topics are [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2004/12/levels-of-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>A new drug for Consciousness?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Millions of people rely on strong coffee every morning to really wake up. All-night  truck drivers sometimes take amphetamines to stay conscious on the road, and for centuries South American peoples have chewed coca leaves to stay alert and increase physical endurance. Yet none of these compounds are specific &#8220;consciousness&#8221; drugs. They stimulate waking [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2004/12/a-new-drug-for-consciousness/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>Heading in the Wrong Direction</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

This is a very readable, informative book by a recognized expert and leader in neuroscience / cognitive science related to the problems of consciousness. It also reflects the esteem and affection held by Christof for his collaborator and friend Francis Crick who, sadly, died recently. Many of their mutual ideas are presented in the book [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2004/11/the-quest-for-consciousness/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>Interview with Christof Koch</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Insert feature image here

RAMSØY: Dear Prof. Koch, in your new book entitled &#8220;The Quest for Consciousness&#8221;1 you both write an autobiography of your own and Francis Crick&#8217;s scientific ideas and studies of consciousness, but you also give a comprehensive introduction to the science of visual perception and awareness. Could you please explain the basic assumptions [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2004/11/interview-with-christof-koch/</link>
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		<title>Exploding the 10 percent myth</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
It&#8217;s a well known &#8220;fact&#8221; that we use just 10 percent of our brains. This is why creativity gurus are always urging us to learn to tap the other silent 90 percent. It&#8217;s also been a staple point for those who want to argue that consciousness has little to do with brain circuitry and more [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2004/09/exploding-the-10-percent-myth/</link>
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		<title>The peripheral drift illusion</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

The peripheral drift illusion
Illusions always seem to capture our attention, and they strike us as strange and interesting. However, we often do not think of these odd sensations as mere curiosities. In spite of this, a growing literature on illusions points to the fact that these sensations are not only interesting in themselves; they are [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2004/04/the-peripheral-drift-illusion/</link>
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		<title>Brain-Wise</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

An interview with Patricia Smith Churchland
Written by Thomas Zoëga Ramsøy


Ramsøy: In your earlier bestselling book, &#8220;Neurophilosophy&#8221;, you presented a significant view of how the study of consciousness should be conducted. As has been said about this book, it &#8220;launched a subfield&#8221; within consciousness studies. While this book can be said to be more academic in [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2004/03/brain-wise/</link>
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		<title>Pathways to Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Some Basics of Thalamocortical Signaling, and Highlights of Edward Jones’ Recent Theoretical Reorganization of the Corticothalamic Axis

The two thalami are the gateways to the cerebral cortex and, thus, to consciousness. Like almost all major brain structures the thalami are bilateral or paired structures. These two walnut-sized globes are comprised of about 50 grouping of nerve [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2004/02/pathways-to-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>The evidence is overwhelming for an observing self in the brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Response to Thomas Clark, &#8220;Is there an observing Self?&#8221; SCR, 2004

The evidence is overwhelming for an observing self in the brain
By Bernard J. Baars
Dr. Clark tells us there is no observing self, but he offers no evidence. Like consciousness, the observing Like consciousness, the observing self is an empirical questionself is an empirical question. Clark&#8217;s [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2004/02/the-evidence-is-overwhelming-for-an-observing-self-in-the-brain/</link>
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		<title>Is there an observing self?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[ 

Response to Baars et al., “Brain, conscious experience, and the observing self,” Trends in Neurosciences, 26 (12), December, 2003.
Is there an observing self?
by Thomas W. Clark
In response to the question of whether  “normal conscious experience involve(s) an observing self,” Baars et al. answer in the affirmative (Baars et al. 2003). The question I [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2004/02/is-there-an-observing-self/</link>
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		<title>Consciousness: Creeping up on the Hard Problem</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Book review of Jeffrey Gray&#8217;s Consciousness: Creeping up on the Hard Problem. The late Professor Emeritus Jeffrey Gray is one to be remembered well. He is known for many things, including being one of the most highly cited experimental psychologists in the UK to generating theories of human consciousness. (See the obituary by Nick Rawlins). [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2004/01/consciousness-creeping-up-on-the-hard-problem/</link>
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		<title>A delightful compendium</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

A review of Susan Blackmore, (2004) Consciousness, An introduction. Oxford University Press, New York and Hodder &#038; Stoughton, London
A delightful compendium
Written by Katharine A. McGovern


Susan Blackmore’s new introductory As a professor, I love it text Consciousness, An introduction is a delightful compendium of ideas, theories, empirical findings, and experiential “practice” opportunities related to the philosophy [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2004/01/a-delightful-compendium/</link>
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		<title>Consciousness on the Edge</title>
		<description><![CDATA[ 

Consciousness on the edge
Written by J. Scott Jordan
What are intentions, and how are they related to consciousness? In the late 1800’s, Franz Brentano argued the two were part of the same thing. That is, he claimed that consciousness was intentional (Ash, 1995). What he meant by this was that consciousness always seemed to be [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2004/01/consciousness-on-the-edge/</link>
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		<title>Cultural Consciousness as a Good trick</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Some possible implications of “Culture and Point of View” by Nisbett and Masuda (2003) from the perspective of a researcher into conscious awareness
The framework that Nisbett and Masuda (2003) develop may be of ultimate relevance to the attempt of many researchers to understand how our brain tends to generate a single consciousness interpretation of a [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/12/cultural-consciousness-as-a-good-trick/</link>
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		<title>The self and its brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
It is doubtful that full-blown, mature human self-awareness is primarily located in the right hemisphere, as Keenan claims.
Where is the self located in the brain? This is a question that has intrigued philosophers and scientists for quite some time. Four centuries ago, the French philosopher René Descartes thought that the self resided in the pineal [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/11/the-self-and-its-brain/</link>
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		<title>Hysterical Conversion, Consciousness and the Brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
It played a great role in medical history, from Hippocrates in the 3rd century BCE to the French neurologists Charcot and Janet, and finally Sigmund Freud. It was part of the scientific discovery of hypnosis and placebo effects, entangled with trauma and sexuality. It convinced 19th century medicine that the mind could sometimes override the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/09/hysterical-conversion-consciousness-and-the-brain/</link>
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		<title>The Global Brainweb</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

An Update on Global Workspace Theory
The idea that consciousness has an integrative function has a long history. The late Francisco Varela and colleagues called it the “brainweb” (2002). Global Workspace theory suggests a fleeting memory capacity that enables access between brain functions that are otherwise separate.  This makes sense in a brain that is [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/09/the-global-brainweb/</link>
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		<title>Capturing Daydreams</title>
		<description><![CDATA[ 

Abstract
The investigation of daydreaming provides a unique set of challenges to the would be researcher, but also is an invaluable source of novel evidence on existing psychological problems. This article will provide a summary of the problems that face an experimenter when attempting to sample inner experience and the different methods that people have [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/09/capturing-daydreams/</link>
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		<title>Voluntary Action</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

Review of Voluntary action: Brains, minds, and sociality
As it is also the case with consciousness, we are all familiar with voluntary actions in a first person kind of way. We have, it seems to most people, a capacity to function as autonomous agents or subjects.

Simultaneously, however, nobody really knows what it is to have voluntary [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/09/voluntary-action/</link>
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		<title>Cartesian Panic &#8212; and its consequences</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
In November 1619, for reasons that may or may not have been purely scientific, a 23-year-old Frenchman secluded himself in a heated room in the Swabian town of Ulm. The epiphany he experienced there has arguably set the agenda for all the psychological sciences since then. Specifically, his stated fear that an evil spirit could [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/08/cartesian-panic-and-its-consequences/</link>
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		<title>Science Wins: A Televised Test of &quot;Psychic Healing&quot;</title>
		<description><![CDATA[ 
Is consciousness a psychic power, which can broadcast messages and control people’s minds? Scientists are doubtful, but millions of people believe it.

On 18 June 2003, a crew from Channel Nine Australia’s popular A Current Affair news program filmed an experiment conducted by Bond University psychologists Norman Barling, Michael Lyvers and Jill Harding-Clark that was [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/07/science-wins-a-televised-test-of-psychic-healing/</link>
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		<title>The Neurochemistry of Psychdelic Experiences</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Psychedelics constitute a class of psychoactive drugs with unique effects on consciousness. Psychedelic means &#8220;mind-manifesting&#8221; and refers to the ability of these drugs to illuminate normally hidden aspects of mind or psyche. Native American shamans consumed psychedelic plants such as the peyote cactus (contains mescaline), psilocybe &#8220;magic&#8221; mushrooms (contains psilocybin), or the brew called ayahuasca [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/06/the-neurochemistry-of-psychdelic-experiences/</link>
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		<title>Science and the Ayahuasca</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

Review of The antipodes of the mind: Charting the phenomenology of the Ayahuasca experience. 
“And lastly, before leaving the village, I drank one cup alone. I was sitting on a balcony overlooking a garden. As the brew was having its effect, I started to sing. What poured out of my mouth was a biblical text [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/06/science-and-the-ayahuasca/</link>
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		<title>Beyond Ordinary Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
In western cultures, transcendental experiences are generally considered either momentary, ephemeral (James, 1961; Maslow, 1972), or as epiphenomena of limited importance (Persinger, 1984; Persinger, 1993). Eastern traditions, however, include meditation practices that elicit frequent transcendental experiences with the purpose of enhancing human development (Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, 1967; Travis, Tecce, &#038; Guttman, 2000; Walsh, 1982).

Various physiological [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/05/beyond-ordinary-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>What&#8217;s the difference between an invisible house and an invisible face?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[

Plenty, according to a recent study by (Moutoussis &#038; Zeki, 2002). They used so-called ‘invisible stimuli’ to probe what happens when a visual image is consciously perceived. They exploited ‘binocular fusion’, the process by which images from each eye are combined to produce a single, integrated perception.  To the left eye, they presented a [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/05/whats-the-difference-between-an-invisible-house-and-an-invisible-face/</link>
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		<title>Empirical Constraints on the Concept of Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Commentary on Crick and Koch’s ‘A Framework for Consciousness&#8217;
As other commentators on the target article have pointed out, and as Crick and Koch themselves acknowledge, their hypotheses regarding the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) have much in common with the work of other researchers.  There now seems to be a well-established research consensus that [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/04/empirical-constraints-on-the-concept-of-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>Inner speech and conscious experience</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Imagine that scientists have been successful at designing a drug that “freezes” brain areas producing our internal monologue. After taking the drug you can’t talk to yourself anymore. Every other mental activity is fine, but it’s now total silence in your head. Not a word. What would happen? What would it be like?
Of course, such [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/04/inner-speech-and-conscious-experience/</link>
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		<title>Does the duck-billed platypus dream?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[You can see a dog dreaming: it twitches and whines, and its eyes move in “rapid eye movement” (REM) sleep. In fact, dreaming in dogs and cats is quite similar to human dreaming. But a recent study of dream patterns in the duck-billed platypus, the odd-looking Australian marsupial, reveals an interesting surprise.
In humans, dreaming has [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/04/does-the-duck-billed-platypus-dream/</link>
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		<title>A Nagelian Neurology of Consciousness?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The aim of this paper is to explore the possibility that Nagel&#8217;s well-known account has implications for understanding the neural basis of consciousness. In a world assumed to be non-dualistic, it is argued that Nagel&#8217;s view (i.e. that consciousness is what an organism possesses when there is something that it is like to be itself) [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/04/a-nagelian-neurology-of-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>Neurophenomenology: How to combine subjective experience with brain evidence</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In this study we investigated whether refined first-person data from trained subjects could be used to guide the detection and interpretation of neural processes. This study is an attempt to implement a research program labeled « Neurophenomenology » (Varela, 1996). This style of research takes part to the recent interest in using introspective phenomenological reports [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/03/neurophenomenology-how-to-combine-subjective-experience-with-brain-evidence/</link>
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		<title>Some good things about Crick &amp; Koch’s “Framework for consciousness.”</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Science and Consciousness Review has just published a summary and four commentaries about the significant new article by Francis Crick and Christof Koch, titled “A framework for consciousness.” Most SCR commentaries in this series have been critical. I understand the criticisms. What may be lost in the debate, however, is an understanding of how far [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/03/some-good-things-about-crick-koch%e2%80%99s-%e2%80%9cframework-for-consciousness%e2%80%9d/</link>
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		<title>The 10 point framework and the altogether too hard basket</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The large footprints of the Crick/Koch duo at the frontier of knowledge can be a little daunting, which is why I was concerned at the very first paragraph of “A Framework for Consciousness” (1). It says that qualia are too hard and ‘it appears fruitless to approach them head on’. Qualia are then tacitly assumed [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/03/the-10-point-framework-and-the-altogether-too-hard-basket/</link>
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		<title>A computer-based model of Crick and Koch’s Framework for Consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Recently Crick and Koch offered a “Framework for Consciousness” (2003).  Pradeep Mutalik’s review of that article in SCR (Mutalik 2003) asserts that “Crick and Koch describe ten aspects of a framework that they believe offers a coherent scheme for explaining the neural correlates of consciousness.”Crick and Koch explain that a framework must not be [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/03/a-computer-based-model-of-crick-and-koch%e2%80%99s-framework-for-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>Comments on &quot;A framework for consciousness&quot;</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
The Missing Self, or: 10 Ways How To Be A Zombie
The article by Crick and Koch is undoubtedly a first: for Nature to cave in so spectacularly to the so-called ‘Framework’ proffered to them in the name of neuroscience. But unfortunately the Framework gets nowhere fast, since it has no real teeth to get at [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/02/comments-on-a-framework-for-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>Crick and Koch: A framework with many unknowns</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
A commentary of “A framework for consciousness” by Francis Crick and Christof Koch
The paper by Crick and Koch presents their updated perspective on the brain in relation to consciousness. It may let us gauge what we do not yet know, as much as calling attention to some specific proposals.
Let me illustrate. The paper raised two [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/02/crick-and-koch-a-framework-with-many-unknowns/</link>
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		<title>Crick and Koch&#8217;s new &quot;Framework for Consciousness&quot;</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
It is not often that a top scientific journal features a lead article on consciousness, and we at SCR rejoice to see Francis Crick and Christof Koch’s commentary “A Framework for Consciousness,” featured in the February 2003 issue of Nature Neuroscience. In this article, Crick and Koch describe ten aspects of a framework that they [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/02/crick-and-kochs-new-framework-for-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>Unconscious states cast light on consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Evidence from persistent vegetative states (PVS)
There are some striking similarities between unconscious states. For example, deep sleep shows slow, high, and regular electrical waves in the brain. But a similar pattern can often be seen in other unconscious states, like some comas, general anesthesia and the momentary loss of consciousness that affects epileptics. In contrast, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/01/unconscious-states-cast-light-on-consciousness/</link>
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		<title>Consciousness Lost: The lightning storm of seizures</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Epilepsy is brain disorder characterized by spontaneous, repeated seizures. During seizures, nerve cells fire in massive, synchronized bursts. One might think of it as a massive electrical storm, with high peaks and valleys of lightning spreading throughout the brain. About one in 200 adults have recurrent epilepsy. It can be devastating, but most victims can [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/01/consciousness-lost-the-lightning-storm-of-seizures/</link>
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		<title>Changing of escaping the self</title>
		<description><![CDATA[When we become self-aware we see who we are and what we would like to be. What do we do? Do we change who we are? Or do we escape self-awareness by watching TV—or worst, by drinking alcohol, doing drugs, or committing suicide?
Past ideas about self-evaluation
Self-awareness represents the capacity to become the object of our [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2003/01/changing-of-escaping-the-self/</link>
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		<title>IDA on Will: It’s no Illusion</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The issue of free will is perhaps the most oft debated single issue in the history of philosophy (For annotated bibliographies see http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~uctytho/dfwIntroIndex.htm.). Whether philosophers or scientists, most modern materialists, believe the universe, at scales beyond the quantum, is deterministic. This leads them to class free will with magic. It’s only an illusion.

But it seems [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/12/ida-on-will-it%e2%80%99s-no-illusion/</link>
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		<title>Seeing sounds, hearing tastes &#8211; Synesthesia in brain and mind</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Do all people experience stimulation of each sense independently? Accumulating evidence  suggests that a special kind of perceptual phenomenon &#8211; syhesthesia &#8211; leads to a confusion of the specific senses. The problem is to relate these personal accounts to the science of the brain.
In 1915, the Russian composer Alexander Scriabin had his “Prometheus” played [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/08/seeing-sounds-hearing-tastes-synesthesia-in-brain-and-mind/</link>
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		<title>“Synaptic Self. How our brains become who we are&quot;</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Who are you, and how would you define your ‘self’? How do you know yourself? And how can brain science shed light upon this experience of being you, a ‘me’, a stable unity through changes over time? Is it possible that your feeling of self is grounded in unconscious cognitive or neurobiological processes? Philosophical debates [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/07/%e2%80%9csynaptic-self-how-our-brains-become-who-we-are/</link>
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		<title>An Attention-Based Control Model of Consciousness (CODAM)</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Despite the recent &#8216;Race for consciousness&#8217;, many neuro-scientific approaches have failed to use the concept of &#8216;attention&#8217; as a guide to consciousness. In this review, John G. Taylor claims that  consciousness can be more fruitfully regarded as created by processes arising from the movement of attention.

Introduction
Consciousness is a subtle phenomenon, which has so far [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/06/an-attention-based-control-model-of-consciousness-codam/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Consciousness under anesthesia</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
A breakthrough in testing unconsciousness during anesthesia
So you thought that research in consciousness did not have any practical applications? Now, researchers are monitoring your level of consciousness during deep anesthesia.  Imagine that you are anesthesized before a surgical operation. You would probably expect to “black out,” and then wake up some time afterward. What [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/05/consciousness-under-anesthesia/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Nonconscious goals and &#8216;mysterious moods&#8217;</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Are you in control of your faculties? When you suddenly are in a bad mood, do you really know why?
Why you can be in a bad mood without knowing why
Carl Gustav Jung, one of the early psychoanalysts, once said that just as we cannot see stars in daytime because it is too bright, dreams never [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/05/nonconscious-goals-and-mysterious-moods/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Tilt after-effect from invisible patterns</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Even if you do not see the fine graitings on a screen, it might cause alterations to how you experience a stimulus afterwards.
What you don’t see now will affect what you see next
Vision is not perfect. The human eye is only receptive to certain wavelengths. And, due to the relatively low temporal resolution of the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/05/tilt-after-effect-from-invisible-patterns/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Touching what is out there</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The conscious sensation of touch is felt at the location of the tactile stimulus: we feel the key or the pen that we pick up at our fingertips rather than in the brain where the sensory signals end up. If we use a tool to explore our surroundings, such as a walking-stick, something even more [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/05/touching-what-is-out-there/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Motion induced blindness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Even if you fix your gaze at one of these yellow dots, it will eventually disappear! A newly uncovered visual illusion poses problems for theories of conscious vision.
Striking visual disappearance in normal-sighted observers under natural conditions
Of all that your eyes capture, how much do you really see? Many are aquainted with visual illusions, such as [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/05/motion-induced-blindness/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Consciousness Science 2002: past, present, and future.</title>
		<description><![CDATA[What is the current state of the science of consciousness? In this editorial, Annti Revonsuo shares his view on this matter, that consciousness science should strive to become more unified. The present wave of the scientific study of consciousness could soon celebrate its 10th anniversary. It was sometime in the early 1990&#8242;s when the topic [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/05/consciousness-science-2002-past-present-and-future/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Automaticity, unconsciousness and speech production</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Is the human brain able to preserve functions, or fragments of functions, in isolated specialised units while the brain at a global level is severely damaged? Furthermore, could one imagine preserved functions in a brain that did not support any mental events?
These are questions that are addressed in a paper entitled “Words without mind” in [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/05/automaticity-unconsciousness-and-speech-production/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>&quot;The Illusion of Conscious Will&quot;, by DM Wegner</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Reviewed by Thomas W. ClarkIn neuroscientific circles, it is simply commonsense physicalism that the brain conducts business on its own.  It doesn’t need a further, non-physical agent to orchestrate the dauntingly complex operations that constitute awareness, cognition, and control of behavior.  Nevertheless, it’s also become clear that for us to successfully navigate the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/05/the-illusion-of-conscious-will-by-dm-wegner/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Empty mind &#8212; a brain disorder?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A French neurological team has described a surprising new brain disorder &#8212; a deficit of spontaneous conscious thinking. LaPlane and Dubois describe it as “auto-activation deficit.” (*) People with this problem lose spontaneous conscious feelings, thought and actions &#8212; until they are asked to do something. Then they act perfectly well.


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Maybe it should be called [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/05/empty-mind-a-brain-disorder/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The brain basis of a &quot;consciousness monitor&quot;</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Imagine that you are anesthesized before a surgical operation. You would probably expect to “black out,” and then wake up some time afterward. What then if you suddenly found yourself conscious of the surgeon&#8217;s knife – during the operation? Even worse, you might not be able to let anyone know you are aware.
In 1979 a [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/05/the-brain-basis-of-a-consciousness-monitor/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Pain Resources</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In the recent Webscan on HMS Beagle, Cindy Siewert localizes some of the web resources for the present knowledge on pain and related issues. Some of the features are links to brain scans of subjects in both chronic and acute pain.

WebscanIn the recent Webscan on HMS Beagle, Cindy Siewert localizes some of the web resources [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/04/pain-resources/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Subliminal sights educate brain</title>
		<description><![CDATA[You must pay attention to learn, teachers say. Not necessarily, US psychologists now argue: sights we are unaware of can have a lasting impact on our brains.

Subliminal training can improve our ability to see moving dots, Takeo Watanabe and his co-workers at Boston University, Massachusetts, have found. &#8220;Without noticing, we are unconsciously learning,&#8221; Watanabe says. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/04/subliminal-sights-educate-brain/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Consciousness &amp; Cognition, 10 (3)</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Selected articles:

Confidence and Accuracy of Near-Threshold Discrimination Responses

Craig Kunimoto, Jeff Miller, Harold Pashler


This article reports four subliminal perception experiments using the relationship between confidence and accuracy to assess awareness. Subjects discriminated among stimuli and indicated their confidence in each discrimination response. Subjects were classified as being aware of the stimuli if their confidence judgments predicted [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/04/consciousness-cognition-10-3/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Sensations&#8217;s ghost. The non-sensory &quot;fringe&quot; of consciousness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[PSYCHE: an interdisciplinary journal of research on consciousness           
PSYCHE 7 (18)


Non-sensory experiences represent almost all context information in consciousness. They condition most aspects of conscious cognition including voluntary retrieval, perception, monitoring, problem solving, emotion, evaluation, meaning recognition. Many peculiar aspects of non-sensory qualia (e.g., they [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/04/sensationss-ghost-the-non-sensory-fringe-of-consciousness/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Brain Scans Show Deaf Subjects &#8216;Hear&#8217; Vibrations</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Deaf people use the region of the brain associated with hearing to sense vibrations, a new study shows. &#8220;These findings illustrate how altered experience can affect brain organization,&#8221; says investigator Dean Shibata of the University of Washington. He presented his results yesterday at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America.

Scientific American


]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/04/brain-scans-show-deaf-subjects-hear-vibrations/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>International Journal of Psychopysiology</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Thalamo-cortical relations in attention and consciousness. C.H.M. Brunia

- Attention, consciousness, and electrical wave activity within the cortical column D. LaBerge


The present issue of the International Journal of Psychophysiology consists of six papers presented at a meeting on Thalamo-Cortical Relations in Attention and Consciousness held in October 2000 at Tilburg University.


]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/04/international-journal-of-psychopysiology/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The conscious access hypothesis: origins and recent evidence</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Consciousness might help to mobilize and integrate brain functions that are otherwise separate and independent. Evidence for this &#8216;conscious access hypothesis&#8217; was described almost two decades ago, in a framework called global workspace theory. The theory had little impact at first, for three reasons: because consciousness was controversial; the evidence, though extensive, was indirect; and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/04/the-conscious-access-hypothesis-origins-and-recent-evidence/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>New issue of Journal of Consciousness Studies</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Vol. 9, Issue 3, March 2002

Selected articles:


 Willard Miranker &#8211; A Quantum State Model of Consciousness



 Paul Livingston &#8211; Experience and Structure: Philosophical History and the Problem of Consciousness



 Ullin Place, A Pilgrim&#8217;s Progress? From Mystical Experience to Biological Consciousness, with editorial introduction by Anthony Freeman Semir Zeki Neural Concept Formation and Art: Dante, Michelangelo, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/04/new-issue-of-journal-of-consciousness-studies/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Self-awareness and emotional intensity</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Does self-awareness amplify or dampen the intensity of emotional experience? Early research argued that self-awareness makes emotional states salient, resulting in greater emotional intensity. But these studies induced a standard for emotional intensity, confounding the salience of the emotional state with the self-regulation effects of self-awareness. Three experiments suggest high self-awareness can dampen the intensity [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/04/self-awareness-and-emotional-intensity/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Attention to local form information can prevent access to semantic information</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Humphreys and Boucart (1997) have shown that when processing of local form is required for response, surrounding global information is automatically processed to a semantic level. The generality of this effect was investigated in two experiments in which the perceptual load of the relevant local form information was manipulated, as was uncertainty about perceptual load. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/04/attention-to-local-form-information-can-prevent-access-to-semantic-information/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Neural correlates of consciousness in humans</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The primate visual system has been extensively investigated in the search for the neural correlates of conscious experience. This article reviews data from functional neuroimaging studies in humans and electrophysiological studies in monkeys and concludes that activity in extrastriate visual cortex correlates more closely with visual awareness than does activity in striate cortex, but that [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/04/neural-correlates-of-consciousness-in-humans/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>New issue: Int. J. of Psychophysiology</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
 Thalamo-cortical relations in attention and consciousness C.H.M. Brunia



 Attention, consciousness, and electrical wave activity within the cortical column David LaBerge


BioMedNet


]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/04/new-issue-int-j-of-psychophysiology/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Voluntary action and conscious awareness</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Humans have the conscious experience of &#8216;free will&#8217;: we feel we can generate our actions, and thus affect our environment. Here we used the perceived time of intentional actions and of their sensory consequences as a means to study consciousness of action. These perceived times were attracted together in conscious awareness, so that subjects perceived [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://sciconrev.org/2002/04/voluntary-action-and-conscious-awareness/</link>
			</item>
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